Bosniaks in Metro Atlanta
| Population Size | Concentrated Area | Other Areas | Primary Religion | Primary Country of Origin | Primary Language | Priority Score | Population Source | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghan | Houston | 9,850 | Gulfton | Mission Bend, Summerfield | Islam | Afghanistan | Pashto, Southern | 48 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 4,733 people with Afghan ancestry in the Houston metro area. As of early January 2022, approximately 5,117 refugees from the Kabul evacuation moved to Houston. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Afghan | Los Angeles | 16,719 | Irvine | Northridge, Reseda | Islam | Afghanistan | Pashto, Southern | 57 | People Reporting Afghan Ancestory in LA CSA = 14,767 (2019 US Census Data). Adding the estimated 800 arrivals to the Greater Los Angeles area following the 2021 Kabul evacuation brings the estimated total to 15,567. Reliable community estimates were not available, but the actual population is likely higher than this estimation. |
| Afghan | Montreal | 10,805 | Saint-Martin (Laval) | Brossard | Islam | Afghanistan | Pashto, Southern | 59 | Statistics Canada 2021 estimated 10,805 people with Afghan ancestry in the Montreal Metropolitan Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Afghan | New York | 9,871 | Flushing (Queens) | Queens - Fresh Meadows, Kew Gardens Hills, Flushing | Islam | Afghanistan | Pashto, Southern | 49 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 9,631 people with Afghan ancestry in Metro New York. Approximately 240 made the metro area their home after the Kabul evacuation in 2021. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. There are also Afghan Hindu-Sikhs and a community of Afghan Jewish people in Metro New York. |
| Afghan | Sacramento | 21,673 | Elk Grove | Arden-Arcade | Islam | Afghanistan | Pashto, Southern | 69 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 19,783 people with Afghan ancestry in the Sacramento area. An additional 1890 Afghans settled in the area following the evacuation of Kabul in 2021. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Afghan | San Diego | 7,189 | El Cajon | Tierra Santa | Islam | Afghanistan | Pashto, Southern | 58 | |
| Afghan | San Francisco | 32,142 | Fremont | Hayward | Islam | Afghanistan | Pashto, Southern | 69 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 31,642 people with Afghan ancestry in the San Francisco Bay Area. Approximately 500 Afghans resettled in the area after the Kabul evacuation in 2021. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. Local estimates, from CBS San Francisco, claim there are 60,000 Afghans in the area. |
| Afghan | Seattle | 6,994 | Kent | Wallingford, University District, Bellevue, Redmond | Islam | Afghanistan | Pashto, Southern | 54 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 5,819 people with Afghan ancestry in Greater Seattle. After the evacuation of Kabul in 2021, approximately 1,175 people relocated to the Seattle area, increasing the Seattle Afghan population to an estimated 6,994 people. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. |
| Afghan | Toronto | 43,075 | Scarborough | Brampton, Mississuaga, Thorncliffe Park | Islam | Afghanistan | Pashto, Southern | 57 | Statistics Canada 2021 estimated 43,075 people with Afghan ancestry in the Greater Toronto Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. Some estimate that there are closer to 65,000 Afghans in the area. |
| Afghan | Vancouver | 7,980 | New Westminster | Surrey | Islam | Afghanistan | Pashto, Southern | 51 | The Canadian Statistics 2016 estimated 7,500 people with Afghan ancestry in Greater Vancouver. Settlement agencies in Vancouver estimated in early 2022 that approximately 1,500 people would make the area home after the 2021 evacuation of Kabul. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Afghan | Washington D.C. | 33,236 | Springfield | Fairfax | Islam | Afghanistan | Pashto, Southern | 73 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 29,696 people with Afghan ancestry in the Washington D.C. Metropolitan Area. Following the Kabul evacuation in 2021, 3,530 Afghans made the metro area their new home. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Afghan Hindu/Sikh | New York | 6,000 | Hicksville (Long Island) | Hinduism | Afghanistan | Panjabi | 86 | ||
| Albanian Muslim | Boston | 15,903 | Revere | Islam | Kosovo | Albanian, Gheg | 53 | The 2019 American Community Survey estimates that 19,879 claim Albanian ancestry in the metropolitan Boston area. Approximately 90% of Albanians from Kosovo and 70% from Albania are Muslim. A conservative estimate of the percentage in the US is 80% Muslim. This percentage was used to give an approximate number of Albanian Muslims in Chicago of 15,903. | |
| Albanian Muslim | Chicago | 11,230 | Berkeley/Elmhurst | Arlington Heights, Lombard, Palatine | Islam | Kosovo | Albanian, Gheg | 49 | The 2021 American Community Survey 5-yr table estimates that 11,468 claim Albanian ancestry in Chicagoland.. Approximately 90% of Albanians from Kosovo and 70% from Albania are Muslim. A conservative estimate of the percentage in the US is 80% Muslim. This percentage was used to give an approximate number of Albanian Muslims in Chicago of 11,230. |
| Albanian Muslim | Detroit | 19,949 | Sterling Heights | Canton, Belleville, Taylor | Islam | Kosovo | Albanian, Gheg | 55 | The 2019 American Community Survey estimates that 24,936 claim Albanian ancestry in the metropolitan Detroit area. Approximately 90% of Albanians from Kosovo and 70% from Albania are Muslim. A conservative estimate of the percentage in the US is 80% Muslim. This percentage was used to give an approximate number of Albanian Muslims in Detroit of 19,949. |
| Albanian Muslim | New York | 48,123 | Pelham Parkway (Bronx) | Staten Island, Garfield, NJ | Islam | Kosovo | Albanian, Gheg | 65 | The 2019 American Community Survey estimates that 60,154 claim Albanian ancestry in the metropolitan New York area. Approximately 90% of Albanians from Kosovo and 70% from Albania are Muslim. A conservative estimate of the percentage in the US is 80% Muslim. This percentage was used to give an approximate number of Albanian Muslims in New York of 48,123. |
| Albanian Muslim | Philadelphia | 6,857 | Northeast | Fishtown, Upper Darby, Media | Islam | Kosovo | Albanian, Gheg | 35 | The 2019 American Community Survey estimates that 8,571 claim Albanian ancestry in the metropolitan Philadelphia area. Approximately 90% of Albanians from Kosovo and 70% from Albania are Muslim. A conservative estimate of the percentage in the US is 80% Muslim. This percentage was used to give an approximate number of Albanian Muslims in Philadelphia of 6,857. |
| Algerian Arab | Montreal | 59,585 | Little Maghreb | Islam | Algeria | Algerian Arab | 71 | Statistics Canada 2021 estimated 59,585 people with Algerian ancestry in the Greater Montreal Area. This number probably includes some Berbers, although Berber is recognized as a separate ethnic origin in the Canadian census. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. | |
| Bambara | New York | 5,000 | Harlem | Islam | Mali | Bambara | 69 | ||
| Bangladeshi | Atlanta | 5,839 | Doraville | Norcross | Islam | Bangladesh | Bengali | 46 | The American Community Survey 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 5,839 people with Bangladeshi ancestry in the Metro Atlanta area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Bangladeshi | Dallas Fort Worth | 6,355 | Irving | Islam | Bangladesh | Bengali | 47 | The American Community Survey 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 6,355 people with Bangladeshi ancestry in the Dallas-Fort Worth Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Bangladeshi | Detroit | 11,087 | Hamtramck | Islam | Bangladesh | Bengali | 44 | The American Community Survey 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 11,087 people with Bangladeshi ancestry in the Metro Detroit area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Bangladeshi | Los Angeles | 7,362 | Little Bangladesh | Islam | Bangladesh | Bengali | 46 | The American Community Survey 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 7,362 people with Bangladeshi ancestry in the Los Angeles Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Bangladeshi | Montreal | 10,675 | Parc Extension | Plamondon; Mount Royal | Islam | Bangladesh | Bengali | 48 | Statistics Canada 2021 estimated 10,675 identified as Bangladeshi in the Greater Montreal Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Bangladeshi | New York | 84,099 | Jamaica (Queens) | Islam | Bangladesh | Bengali | 41 | The American Community Survey 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 84,099 people with Bangladeshi ancestry in the New York Metro area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Bangladeshi | Philadelphia | 7,295 | Hatfield | Islam | Bangladesh | Bengali | 47 | The American Community Survey 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 7,295 people with Bangladeshi ancestry in the Philadelphia area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Bangladeshi | Toronto | 36,670 | Danforth Village | Taylor-Massey; Crescent Town | Islam | Bangladesh | Bengali | 47 | Statistics Canada 2021 estimated 36,670 identified as Bangladeshi in the Greater Toronto Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Bangladeshi | Washington D.C. | 11,798 | York Town (Arlington) | Silver Spring, MD | Islam | Bangladesh | Bengali | 48 | The American Community Survey 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 11,798 people with Bangladeshi ancestry in the Washington Metro area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Belzer Jewish | New York | 12,518 | Judaism | Ukraine | Yiddish | 86 | |||
| Bobover Jewish | New York | 23,509 | Judaism | Poland | Yiddish | 90 | |||
| Bosniak | Atlanta | 12,000 | Lawrenceville | Islam | Bosnia | Bosnian | 61 | Based on information from the Congress of Bosniaks in North America, the census data is significantly undercounted. They estimate there are 300,000 Bosniaks in the US compared to the 107,000 reported by the census. Community estimates for the area indicate that between 10,000 and 12,000 Bosniaks are living in the Atlanta metropolitan area. These numbers were validated by comparing the reported census data and the data from the Congress of Bosniaks. | |
| Bosniak | Boston | 8,000 | Revere | Chelsea, Everett, Medford | Islam | Bosnia | Bosnian | 59 | Based on information from the Congress of Bosniaks in North America, the census data is significantly undercounted. They estimate there are 300,000 Bosniaks in the US compared to the 107,000 reported by the census. Community estimates for the area indicate that between 5,000 - 8,000 Bosniaks are living in Greater Boston. These numbers were validated by comparing the reported census data and the data from the Congress of Bosniaks. |
| Bosniak | Bowling Green | 5,000 | Morgantown Road | Islam | Bosnia | Bosnian | 60 | Based on information from the Congress of Bosniaks in North America, the census data is significantly undercounted. They estimate there are 300,000 Bosniaks in the US compared to the 107,000 reported by the census. Community estimates for the area indicate that there are approximately 5,000 Bosniaks living in the Bowling Green area. These numbers were validated by comparing the reported census data and the data from the Congress of Bosniaks. https://humanitiesforall.org/projects/a-culture-carried-bosnians-in-bowling-green | |
| Bosniak | Chicago | 60,000 | Northside | N/A | Islam | Bosnia | Bosnian | 81 | Based on information from the Congress of Bosniaks in North America, the census data is significantly undercounted. They estimate there are 300,000 Bosniaks in the US compared to the 107,000 reported by the census. Community estimates for the area indicate that between 50,000 and 70,000 Bosniaks are living in Chicagoland. These numbers were validated by comparing the reported census data and the data from the Congress of Bosniaks. https://bs.bhaccchicago.org/ |
| Bosniak | Des Moines | 10,000 | Merle Hay | Islam | Bosnia | Bosnian | 63 | Based on information from the Congress of Bosniaks in North America, the census data is significantly undercounted. They estimate there are 300,000 Bosniaks in the US compared to the 107,000 reported by the census. Community estimates for the area indicate that between 11,000 and 20,000 Bosniaks live in the Des Moines area. These numbers were validated by comparing the reported census data and the data from the Congress of Bosniaks. https://www.bosniakamerican.org/about | |
| Bosniak | Detroit | 10,000 | Hamtramck | Islam | Bosnia | Bosnian | 64 | Based on information from the Congress of Bosniaks in North America, the census data is significantly undercounted. They estimate there are 300,000 Bosniaks in the US compared to the 107,000 reported by the census. Community estimates for the area indicate that 10,000 Bosniaks are living in Metro Detroit. These numbers were validated by comparing the reported census data and the data from the Congress of Bosniaks. | |
| Bosniak | Grand Rapids | 10,000 | Kentwood | Islam | Bosnia | Bosnian | 63 | Based on information from the Congress of Bosniaks in North America, the census data is significantly undercounted. They estimate there are 300,000 Bosniaks in the US compared to the 107,000 reported by the census. Community estimates for the area indicate that 7,000 - 10,000 Bosniaks are living in Grand Rapids. These numbers were validated by comparing the reported census data and the data from the Congress of Bosniaks. | |
| Bosniak | Jacksonville | 11,000 | Hogan | Islam | Bosnia | Bosnian | 65 | Based on information from the Congress of Bosniaks in North America, the census data is significantly undercounted. They estimate there are 300,000 Bosniaks in the US compared to the 107,000 reported by the census. Community estimates for the area indicate that 12,000 - 15,000 Bosniaks are living in Metro Jacksonville. These numbers were validated by comparing the reported census data and the data from the Congress of Bosniaks. https://jaxpsychogeo.com/east/al-hajj-feriz-delkic-masjid-and-islamic-community-of-bosniaks/ | |
| Bosniak | New York | 12,000 | Astoria (Queens) | Islam | Bosnia | Bosnian | 63 | Based on information from the Congress of Bosniaks in North America, the census data is significantly undercounted. They estimate there are 300,000 Bosniaks in the US compared to the 107,000 reported by the census. Community estimates for the area indicate that 10,000 - 15,000 Bosniaks are living in Metro New York. These numbers were validated by comparing the reported census data and the data from the Congress of Bosniaks. https://www.everyculture.com/multi/A-Br/Bosnian-Americans.html | |
| Bosniak | Phoenix | 10,000 | Glendale | Islam | Bosnia | Bosnian | 64 | Based on information from the Congress of Bosniaks in North America, the census data is significantly undercounted. They estimate there are 300,000 Bosniaks in the US compared to the 107,000 reported by the census. Community estimates for the area indicate that 6,000 - 10,000 Bosniaks are living in Greater Phoenix. These numbers were validated by comparing the reported census data and the data from the Congress of Bosniaks. https://cronkitenews.azpbs.org/2016/02/18/arizona-has-accepted-tens-of-thousands-of-refugees-from-conflicted-countries-over-the-last-40-years/ | |
| Bosniak | Seattle | 6,000 | Shoreline | Lynnwood, Tukwila | Islam | Bosnia | Bosnian | 60 | Based on information from the Congress of Bosniaks in North America, the census data is significantly undercounted. They estimate there are 300,000 Bosniaks in the US compared to the 107,000 reported by the census. Community estimates for the area indicate that 5,000 - 8,000 Bosniaks are living in the Seattle Metropolitan Area. These numbers were validated by comparing the reported census data and the data from the Congress of Bosniaks. |
| Bosniak | St. Louis | 70,000 | Mehlville | Affton, Bevo Mill, Hancock Place | Islam | Bosnia | Bosnian | 79 | Based on information from the Congress of Bosniaks in North America, the census data is significantly undercounted. They estimate there are 300,000 Bosniaks in the US compared to the 107,000 reported by the census. Community estimates for the area indicate that 50,000 - 70,000 Bosniaks are living in Greater St. Louis. These numbers were validated by comparing the reported census data and the data from the Congress of Bosniaks. https://www.stlbosnians.com/st-louis-the-us-city-transformed-by-heartbreak/ |
| Bosniak | Toronto | 7,120 | Etobicoke | Islam | Bosnia | Bosnian | 61 | Statistics Canada 2021 estimated 7,120 people identify as Bosian in the Greater Toronto Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. Community estimates range from 8,500 - 10,000. | |
| Bosniak | Utica | 5,000 | Bleecker St. | Islam | Bosnia | Bosnian | 60 | Based on information from the Congress of Bosniaks in North America, the census data is significantly undercounted. They estimate there are 300,000 Bosniaks in the US compared to the 107,000 reported by the census. Community estimates for the area indicate that 8,000 - 10,000 Bosniaks are living in the Utica area. These numbers were validated by comparing the reported census data and the data from the Congress of Bosniaks. https://www.utica.edu/directory/ethnic-heritage-studies-center#:~:text=Many%20Bosnians%20have%20arrived%20as,addition%20to%20the%20city%27s%20population | |
| Breslov Jewish | New York | 5,000 | Judaism | Ukraine | Yiddish | 86 | |||
| Bukharan Jewish | New York | 60,000 | Judaism | Uzbekistan | Russian | 74 | Estimates of Bukharan Jewish people in Metro New York range from 50,000 to 100,000. Most conservative estimates, from sources like New York One News, the Bukharian Jewish Union, and QNS, indicate around 60,000 Bukharan Jewish people in the city. | ||
| Chabad Lubavitch Jewish | New York | 27,103 | Judaism | Belarus | English | 91 | Population estimate was derived from the Historical Atlas of Hasidism by Marcin Wodziński. At the time of the book’s research (2016), there were 4,285 Chabad Lubavitch households in Metro New York. For a 2021 estimate, five more years were added at a 3.6% annual growth rate times an average household size of 5.3 (see Census Based Estimation of the Hasidic Jewish Population by Joshua Comenetz). That total comes to an estimated 27,103 Chabad Lubavitch in Metro New York in 2021. | ||
| Egyptian Arab | Boston | 5,359 | Dudley Square | Islam | Egypt | Egyptian Arabic | 23 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Around 40% of Egyptians in the US are Muslim. These percentages and those claiming Egyptian ancestry on the 2021 American Community Survey 5-year estimates indicate that approximately 5,359 Egyptian Arabs live in Greater Boston. | |
| Egyptian Arab | Chicago | 5,784 | Hickory Hills | Islam | Egypt | Egyptian Arabic | 23 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Around 40% of Egyptians in the US are Muslim. These percentages and those claiming Egyptian ancestry on the 2021 American Community Survey 5-year estimates indicate that approximately 5,784 Egyptian Arabs live Chicagoland. | |
| Egyptian Arab | Dallas Fort Worth | 5,136 | Richardson | Islam | Egypt | Egyptian Arabic | 33 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Around 40% of Egyptians in the US are Muslim. These percentages and those claiming Egyptian ancestry on the 2021 American Community Survey 5-year estimates indicate that approximately 5,136 Egyptian Arabs live in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. | |
| Egyptian Arab | Houston | 5,992 | Katy | Islam | Egypt | Egyptian Arabic | 32 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Around 40% of Egyptians in the US are Muslim. These percentages and those claiming Egyptian ancestry on the 2021 American Community Survey 5-year estimates indicate that approximately 5,992 Egyptian Arabs live in the Greater Houston Area. | |
| Egyptian Arab | Los Angeles | 23,765 | Anaheim | Islam | Egypt | Egyptian Arabic | 40 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Around 40% of Egyptians in the US are Muslim. These percentages and those claiming Egyptian ancestry on the 2021 American Community Survey 5-year estimates indicate that approximately 25,898 Egyptian Arabs live in Greater Los Angeles. | |
| Egyptian Arab | Montreal | 9,167 | Saint-Laurent | Islam | Egypt | Egyptian Arabic | 27 | According to Statistics Canada 2021, there are approximately 27,160 people who claim Egyptian ancestry in the Greater Montreal Area. Of these, approximately 33% consider themselves Muslim, resulting in 9,167 Egyptian Muslims in the Greater Montreal Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The number of Egyptian Arab Muslims is likely greater than this number. | |
| Egyptian Arab | New York | 56,257 | Astoria (Queens) | Islam | Egypt | Egyptian Arabic | 46 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Around 40% of Egyptians in the US are Muslim. These percentages and those claiming Egyptian ancestry on the 2021 American Community Survey 5-year estimates indicate that approximately 56,257 Egyptian Arabs live in Metro New York. | |
| Egyptian Arab | Philadelphia | 5,249 | Center City | Islam | Egypt | Egyptian Arabic | 33 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Around 40% of Egyptians in the US are Muslim. These percentages and those claiming Egyptian ancestry on the 2021 American Community Survey 5-year estimates indicate that approximately 6,238 Egyptian Arabs live in Philadelphia. | |
| Egyptian Arab | San Francisco | 7,274 | Oakland | Cupertino | Islam | Egypt | Egyptian Arabic | 27 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Around 40% of Egyptians in the US are Muslim. These percentages and those claiming Egyptian ancestry on the 2021 American Community Survey 5-year estimates indicate that approximately 7,274 Egyptian Arabs live in the San Francisco Bay Area. |
| Egyptian Arab | Toronto | 11,637 | Mississauga | Islam | Egypt | Egyptian Arabic | 42 | According to Statistics Canada 2021, there are approximately 32,265 people who claim Egyptian ancestry in the Greater Toronto Area. Of these, approximately 33% consider themselves Muslim, resulting in 11,637 Egyptian Muslims in the Greater Toronto Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The number of Egyptian Arab Muslims is likely greater than this number. | |
| Egyptian Arab | Washington D.C. | 12,313 | Lanier Heights | Islam | Egypt | Egyptian Arabic | 25 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Around 40% of Egyptians in the US are Muslim. These percentages and those claiming Egyptian ancestry on the 2021 American Community Survey 5-year estimates indicate that approximately 12,313 Egyptian Arabs live in the Washington Metropolitan Area. | |
| Fouta Tooro | Cincinnati | 5,000 | Lockland | Hartwell, Westwood, Florence | Islam | Senegal | Pulaar | 75 | A cross-cultural worker in Cincinnati estimates the population of Fouta Toora in Cincinnati Metro at 5,000. Census data for West African populations like the Fouta Toora do not exist therefore numbers are based on estimates from workers or organizations in the city. An article on a Cincinnati website described a gathering of Fulani speakers in 2019 to help verify this number. |
| Fouta Tooro | New York | 7,600 | Bed-Stuy (Brooklyn) | Flatbush, East New York | Islam | Senegal | Pulaar | 78 | In 2021, a Pulaar Speaking Association leader in Brooklyn said 6,000 households paid dues to their association. At least 80% of these are Fouta Tooro as there are some members who are Fulani from Guinea or other areas. Among Fouta Tooro, there are families in NYC but a majority are individual males whose wives and families remain in Africa. The families that are together in NYC are very large. As a result, if 80% of 6,000 member households are Fouta Tooro (4,800), and an average household size is conservatively two people, double that amount is 9,600. Community leaders report 2,000 Fouta Tooro left New York City during COVID-19 which leaves 7,600 left in the city. |
| Fulbe Futa | New York | 5,000 | Morrisania (Bronx | Islam | Guinea | Pular | 77 | ||
| Gerer Jewish | New York | 8,791 | Judaism | Poland | Yiddish | 84 | |||
| Gorsky-Kavkazi Jewish | New York | 10,000 | Judaism | Azerbaijan | Russian | 89 | Estimates range from 10,000 to 20,000 Gorsky-Kavkazi in Metro New York with Brooklyn having the major concentration. The main Gorsky synagogue and cultural center claims they have 15,000 members in the metropolitan area (gorskyjews.com/about-us/). | ||
| Gujarati | Atlanta | 26,019 | Big Creek | Hinduism | India | Gujarati | 52 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 144,950 Asian Indians live in the Metropolitan Atlanta Area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 17.95% of the population is Gujarati. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Gujarati | Boston | 16,736 | Town of Acton | Hinduism | India | Gujarati | 59 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 136,817 Asian Indians live in Greater Boston. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 12,23% of the population is Gujarati. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Gujarati | Calgary | 6,500 | Horizon | Hinduism | India | Gujarati | 52 | The Canadian Census of 2021 estimated there are 6,500 Gujarati speakers who consider the language their mother tongue in Greater Calgary. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Gujarati | Charlotte | 7,465 | Mallard Creek | Hinduism | India | Gujarati | 46 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 44,195 Asian Indians live in the Charlotte Metropolitan Area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 16.89% of the population is Gujarati. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Gujarati | Chicago | 53,444 | Georgetown | Hinduism | India | Gujarati | 44 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 234,148 Asian Indians live in Chicagoland. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 22.82% of the population is Gujarati. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Gujarati | Dallas Fort Worth | 19,822 | Plano | Frisco, Irving, Lewisville | Hinduism | India | Gujarati | 46 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 213,139 Asian Indians live in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 9.30% of the population is Gujarati. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. |
| Gujarati | Detroit | 9,457 | Farmington | Hinduism | India | Gujarati | 54 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 100,007 Asian Indians live in Metro Detroit. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 9.45% of the population is Gujarati. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Gujarati | Edmonton | 6,730 | Strathcona Industrial Park | Hinduism | India | Gujarati | 52 | The Canadian Census of 2021 estimated there are 6,730 Gujarati speakers who consider the language their mother tongue in Greater Edmonton. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Gujarati | Houston | 25,456 | Sugar Land | Hinduism | India | Gujarati | 61 | The American Community Survey 2019 Asian Alone tables estimated there are 145,500 South Asians in Greater Houston.. Approximately 20% of this number is Gujarati (29,100). Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Gujarati | Los Angeles | 25,666 | Woodbury | Hinduism | India | Gujarati | 44 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 200,365 Asian Indians live in Greater Los Angeles. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 12.81% of the population is Gujarati. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Gujarati | Miami | 5,762 | Plantation | Hinduism | India | Gujarati | 53 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 51,975 Asian Indians live in Greater Miami. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 11.04% of the population is Gujarati. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Gujarati | Montreal | 6,970 | Dollard-Des Ormeaux | Hinduism | India | Gujarati | 55 | The Canadian Census of 2021 estimated there are 6,970 Gujarati speakers who consider the language their mother tongue in the Greater Montreal area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. | |
| Gujarati | Orlando | 7,603 | Willamsburg | Hinduism | India | Gujarati | 52 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 43,071 Asian Indians live in Greater Orlando. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 17.65% of the population is Gujarati. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Gujarati | New York | 125,454 | Edison (NJ) | Hinduism | India | Gujarati | 70 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 749,366 Asian Indians live in Metro New York. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 16.74% of the population is Gujarati. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Gujarati | Philadelphia | 36,953 | Hatfield | Hinduism | India | Gujarati | 43 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 145,141 Asian Indians live in Philadelphia. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 25.46% of the population is Gujarati. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Gujarati | Raleigh | 8,207 | Shiloh | Hinduism | India | Gujarati | 45 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 52,652 Asian Indians live in Raleigh-Durham. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 15.59% of the population is Gujarati. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Gujarati | San Francisco | 29,547 | Fremont | Hinduism | India | Gujarati | 52 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 471,394 Asian Indians live in the San Francisco Bay Area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 6.27% of the population is Gujarati. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Gujarati | Tampa | 6,001 | Brandon | Hinduism | India | Gujarati | 51 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 37,581 Asian Indians live in the Tampa Bay area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 15.97% of the population is Gujarati. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Gujarati | Toronto | 70,490 | Brampton | Hinduism | India | Gujarati | 61 | The Canadian Census of 2021 estimated there are 70,940 Gujarati speakers who consider the language their mother tongue in Greater Toronto Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. Community estimates indicate that there are over 100,000 Gujarati in GTA. | |
| Gujarati | Vancouver | 7,075 | South Vancouver | Hinduism | India | Gujarati | 58 | The Canadian Census of 2021 estimated there are 7,075 Gujarati speakers who consider the language their mother tongue in Greater Vancouver Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Gujarati | Washington D.C. | 21,491 | Calverton | Ellicott City | Hinduism | India | Gujarati | 60 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 228,149 Asian Indians live in the Washington Metropolitan area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 9.42% of the population is Gujarati. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. |
| Indian Hindi | Atlanta | 40,586 | Big Creek | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 36 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 144,950 Indian Asians in the Metropolitan Atlanta area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 28% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Indian Hindi | Austin | 14,774 | Walsh Creek | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 47 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 54,911 Indian Asians in the Greater Austin area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 26.90% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Indian Hindi | Boston | 36,888 | Town of Acton | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 55 | The American Community Survey 2019 Asian Alone tables estimated there are 124,812 South Asians in the Greater Boston area. According to Pew Research, approximately 36% of this number is Hindi (44,932). Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Indian Hindi | Calgary | 20,232 | Castleridge | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 37 | The population estimate uses Hindi Knowledge of Language (KOL) from Statistics Canada 2021 Census of Population as a baseline. According to several articles, approximately 55% of Indian Hindi speakers consider Hindi their second or third choice of language. Based on this research, 45% of the total KOL are native Hindi speakers. The number from Statistics Canada 2021 was multiplied by this percentage to calculate the population in Calgary as 20,232. | |
| Indian Hindi | Charlotte | 11,890 | Mecklenburg | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 41 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 44,915 Indian Asians in the Charlotte Metropolitan area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 26.90% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Indian Hindi | Chicago | 50,852 | West Ridge "Little India" | Schaumburg, Naperville | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 41 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 234,148 Indian Asians in Chicagoland. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 21.72% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. |
| Indian Hindi | Cincinnati | 7,450 | Clifton Heights | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 47 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 23,655 Indian Asians in the Cincinnati Tri-State area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 31.49% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Indian Hindi | Cleveland | 5,397 | Glenwillow | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 48 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 25,433 Indian Asians in Greater Cleveland. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 21.21% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Indian Hindi | Columbus, OH | 11,924 | Polaris | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 36 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 39,025 Indian Asians in the Greater Columbus Area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 30.55% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Indian Hindi | Dallas Fort Worth | 54,777 | Frisco | Irving, Plano | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 32 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 213,139 Indian Asians in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 25.70% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. |
| Indian Hindi | Denver | 7,422 | Sedalia | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 52 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 26,771 Indian Asians in the Denver Metropolitan Area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 27.72% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Indian Hindi | Detroit | 17,706 | Troy | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 54 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 100,007 Indian Asians in Metro Detroit. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 17.69% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Indian Hindi | Edmonton | 18,855 | SE Edmonton | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 49 | The population estimate uses Hindi Knowledge of Language (KOL) from Statistics Canada 2021 Census of Population as a baseline. According to several articles, approximately 55% of Indian Hindi speakers consider Hindi their second or third choice of language. Based on this research, 45% of the total KOL are native Hindi speakers. The number from Statistics Canada 2021 was multiplied by this percentage to calculate the population in Edmonton as 18,855. | |
| Indian Hindi | Hartford | 9,534 | Rocky Hill | Windsor | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 49 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 33,678 Indian Asians in Hartford. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 28.31% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. |
| Indian Hindi | Houston | 37,843 | Sugar Land | The Woodlands, Frisco | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 36 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 146,967 Indian Asians in Greater Houston. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 25.75% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. |
| Indian Hindi | Indianapolis | 6,429 | Wayne Township | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 51 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 28,304 Indian Asians in the Indianapolis Metropolitan Area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 22.72% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Indian Hindi | Kansas City | 5,455 | Overland Park | Shawnee | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 51 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 20,121 Indian Asians in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 27.11% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. |
| Indian Hindi | Kitchener | 8,593 | West Mount | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 36 | The population estimate uses Hindi Knowledge of Language (KOL) from Statistics Canada 2021 Census of Population as a baseline. According to several articles, approximately 55% of Indian Hindi speakers consider Hindi their second or third choice of language. Based on this research, 45% of the total KOL are native Hindi speakers. The number from Statistics Canada 2021 was multiplied by this percentage to calculate the population in Kitchener as 8,593. | |
| Indian Hindi | Los Angeles | 59,692 | Artesia | Irvine, Culver City, Cerritos | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 35 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 200,365 Indian Asians in Greater Los Angeles. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 29.79% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. |
| Indian Hindi | Miami | 12,747 | Plantation | Lauderdale West | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 55 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 51,975 Indian Asians in Greater Miami. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 24.52% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. |
| Indian Hindi | Twin Cities | 7,900 | Edina | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 50 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 43,071 Indian Asians in the Twin Cities. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 18.34% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Indian Hindi | Montreal | 15,417 | Parc Extension | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 56 | The population estimate uses Hindi Knowledge of Language (KOL) from Statistics Canada 2021 Census of Population as a baseline. According to several articles, approximately 55% of Indian Hindi speakers consider Hindi their second or third choice of language. Based on this research, 45% of the total KOL are native Hindi speakers. The number from Statistics Canada 2021 was multiplied by this percentage to calculate the population in the Greater Montreal area as 15,417. | |
| Indian Hindi | New York | 179,353 | Jersey City, Edison | Stratford/Bridgeport, CT | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 46 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 749,366 Indian Asians in Greater New York. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 23.93% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. |
| Indian Hindi | Orlando | 12,718 | Williamsburg | Oviedo, Castleberry | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 50 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 43.071 Indian Asians in Greater Orlando. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 29.53% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. |
| Indian Hindi | Ottawa | 8,658 | Napean/Westboro | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 55 | The population estimate uses Hindi Knowledge of Language (KOL) from Statistics Canada 2021 Census of Population as a baseline. According to several articles, approximately 55% of Indian Hindi speakers consider Hindi their second or third choice of language. Based on this research, 45% of the total KOL are native Hindi speakers. The number from Statistics Canada 2021 was multiplied by this percentage to calculate the population in the greater Ottawa area as 8,658. | |
| Indian Hindi | Philadelphia | 25,586 | King of Prussia | Bensalem, City Center (Eagleville) | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 56 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 145,141 Indian Asians in Philadelphia. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 17.63% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. |
| Indian Hindi | Phoenix | 16,149 | Chandler-Kirby Estates | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 55 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 58,041 Indian Asians in Greater Phoenix. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 27.82% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Indian Hindi | Pittsburgh | 6,861 | Marshall Township | Scott Township | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 48 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 20,912 Indian Asians in Greater Pittsburgh. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 32.81% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. |
| Indian Hindi | Portland | 7,433 | Bethany | Beaverton, Hillsboro, Rockcreek | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 43 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 30,333 Indian Asians in the Portland Metropolitan area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 24.51% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. |
| Indian Hindi | Raleigh | 11,417 | Morrisville | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 45 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 52,652 Indian Asians in the Portland Metropolitan area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 21.68% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Indian Hindi | Sacramento | 14,943 | Valley Hi/North Laguna | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 44 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 69,537 Indian Asians in the Greater Sacramento area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 21.49% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Indian Hindi | St.Louis | 6,101 | Ballwin | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 44 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 25,787 Indian Asians in the Greater St. Louis area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 23.66% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Indian Hindi | San Diego | 11,739 | Miramar | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 49 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 45,084 Indian Asians in the San Diego Metropolitan area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 26.04% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Indian Hindi | San Francisco | 153,853 | Fremont | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 43 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 471,394 Indian Asians in the San Francisco Bay area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 32.64% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Indian Hindi | Seattle | 31,712 | Bellevue | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 31 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 124,181 Indian Asians in the Seattle Metropolitan area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 25.54% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Indian Hindi | Tampa | 7,828 | Brandon | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 52 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 37,581 Indian Asians in the Tampa Bay Area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 20.83% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Indian Hindi | Toronto | 150,062 | Etobicoke | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 45 | The population estimate uses Hindi Knowledge of Language (KOL) from Statistics Canada 2021 Census of Population as a baseline. According to several articles, approximately 55% of Indian Hindi speakers consider Hindi their second or third choice of language. Based on this research, 45% of the total KOL are native Hindi speakers. The number from Statistics Canada 2021 was multiplied by this percentage to calculate the population in Greater Toronto Area as 150,062. | |
| Indian Hindi | Vancouver | 49,718 | South Vancouver | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 37 | The population estimate uses Hindi Knowledge of Language (KOL) from Statistics Canada 2021 Census of Population as a baseline. According to several articles, approximately 55% of Indian Hindi speakers consider Hindi their second or third choice of language. Based on this research, 45% of the total KOL are native Hindi speakers. The number from Statistics Canada 2021 was multiplied by this percentage to calculate the population in Greater Vancouver Area as 49,718. | |
| Indian Hindi | Washington D.C. | 66,808 | Ellicott city | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 47 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 228,149 Indian Asians in the Washington Metropolitan area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 29.28% of the population consider themselves Hindi. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Indian Hindi | Winnipeg | 10,649 | Colony (Little India) | Hinduism | India | Hindi | 53 | The population estimate uses Hindi Knowledge of Language (KOL) from Statistics Canada 2021 Census of Population as a baseline. According to several articles, approximately 55% of Indian Hindi speakers consider Hindi their second or third choice of language. Based on this research, 45% of the total KOL are native Hindi speakers. The number from Statistics Canada 2021 was multiplied by this percentage to calculate the population in Greater Vancouver Area as 10,649.The population estimate uses Hindi Knowledge of Language (KOL) from Statistics Canada 2021 Census of Population as a baseline. According to several articles, approximately 55% of Indian Hindi speakers consider Hindi their second or third choice of language. Based on this research, 45% of the total KOL are native Hindi speakers. The number from Statistics Canada 2021 was multiplied by this percentage to calculate the population in Greater Winnipeg Area as 10,649. | |
| Indonesian | Los Angeles | 7,500 | San Bernardino | Islam | Indonesia | Indonesian | 29 | ||
| Iraqi Arab | Atlanta | 5,000 | Clarkston | Islam | Iraq | Mesopotamian Arabic | 38 | The 2019 American Community Survey estimates 5,866 people with Iraqi ancestry in metropolitan Atlanta. This number was multiplied by 179.56% to reflect information from the Arab American Institute regarding the total number of Arab Americans since many Arab Americans are reluctant to participate in the census. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Iraqi Arab | Austin | 7,963 | Pflugerville | Islam | Iraq | Mesopotamian Arabic | 43 | The 2019 American Community Survey estimates 4,435 people with Iraqi ancestry in Greater Austin. This number was multiplied by 179.56% to reflect information from the Arab American Institute regarding the total number of Arab Americans since many Arab Americans are reluctant to participate in the census. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Iraqi Arab | Chicago | 11,476 | Northbrook | Chicago: West Ridge; Bridgeview; Rogers Park | Islam | Iraq | Mesopotamian Arabic | 53 | The 2021 American Community Survey estimates 6,391 people with Iraqi ancestry in Chicagoland. This number was multiplied by 179.56% to reflect information from the Arab American Institute regarding the total number of Arab Americans since many Arab Americans are reluctant to participate in the census. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Iraqi Arab | Dallas Fort Worth | 11,319 | Richardson | Arlington | Islam | Iraq | Mesopotamian Arabic | 41 | The 2019 American Community Survey estimates 6,304 people with Iraqi ancestry in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. This number was multiplied by 179.56% to reflect information from the Arab American Institute regarding the total number of Arab Americans since many Arab Americans are reluctant to participate in the census. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Iraqi Arab | Detroit | 68,626 | East Dearborn | Islam | Iraq | Mesopotamian Arabic | 57 | The 2019 American Community Survey estimates 38,219 people with Iraqi ancestry in Metro Detroit. This number was multiplied by 179.56% to reflect information from the Arab American Institute regarding the total number of Arab Americans since many Arab Americans are reluctant to participate in the census. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Iraqi Arab | Houston | 11,914 | Mid-West | Islam | Iraq | Mesopotamian Arabic | 41 | The 2019 American Community Survey estimates 6,635 people with Iraqi ancestry in the Greater Houston area. This number was multiplied by 179.56% to reflect information from the Arab American Institute regarding the total number of Arab Americans since many Arab Americans are reluctant to participate in the census. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Iraqi Arab | Los Angeles | 5,771 | Glendale | Anaheim | Islam | Iraq | Mesopotamian Arabic | 39 | The 2019 American Community Survey estimates 5,771 people with Iraqi ancestry in the Greater Los Angeles area. This number was multiplied by 179.56% to reflect information from the Arab American Institute regarding the total number of Arab Americans since many Arab Americans are reluctant to participate in the census. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Iraqi Arab | New York | 8,443 | Astoria (Queens) | Islam | Iraq | Mesopotamian Arabic | 47 | The 2019 American Community Survey estimates 4,702 people with Iraqi ancestry in Metro New York. This number was multiplied by 179.56% to reflect information from the Arab American Institute regarding the total number of Arab Americans since many Arab Americans are reluctant to participate in the census. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Iraqi Arab | Phoenix | 19,457 | Northern Village | Islam | Iraq | Mesopotamian Arabic | 43 | The 2019 American Community Survey estimates 10,836 people with Iraqi ancestry in the metropolitan Phoenix area. This number was multiplied by 179.56% to reflect information from the Arab American Institute regarding the total number of Arab Americans since many Arab Americans are reluctant to participate in the census. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Iraqi Arab | San Antonio | 5,180 | Alamo Heights | Northwest San Antonio | Islam | Iraq | Mesopotamian Arabic | 38 | The 2019 American Community Survey estimates 2,885 people with Iraqi ancestry in the Greater San Antonio area. This number was multiplied by 179.56% to reflect information from the Arab American Institute regarding the total number of Arab Americans since many Arab Americans are reluctant to participate in the census. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Iraqi Arab | San Diego | 25,923 | El Cajon | Islam | Iraq | Mesopotamian Arabic | 57 | The 2019 American Community Survey estimates 14,437 people with Iraqi ancestry in the Greater San Diego area. This number was multiplied by 179.56% to reflect information from the Arab American Institute regarding the total number of Arab Americans since many Arab Americans are reluctant to participate in the census. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Iraqi Arab | San Francisco | 7,913 | Modesto | Islam | Iraq | Mesopotamian Arabic | 39 | The 2019 American Community Survey estimates 4,407 people with Iraqi ancestry in the San Francisco Bay area. This number was multiplied by 179.56% to reflect information from the Arab American Institute regarding the total number of Arab Americans since many Arab Americans are reluctant to participate in the census. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Iraqi Arab | Toronto | 10,732 | Vaughan | Islam | Iraq | Mesopotamian Arabic | 45 | Statistics Canada 2021 estimates 23,330 people with Iraqi ancestry in Greater Toronto Area. According to the 2011 National Household Survey, 46% of people of Iraqi origin are Muslim resulting in an estimated 10,732 Iraqi Muslim Arabs in GTA. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Iraqi Arab | Washington D.C. | 9,685 | Lanier Heights | Islam | Iraq | Mesopotamian Arabic | 42 | The 2019 American Community Survey estimates 5,394 people with Iraqi ancestry in the metropolitan Washington area. This number was multiplied by 179.56% to reflect information from the Arab American Institute regarding the total number of Arab Americans since many Arab Americans are reluctant to participate in the census. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Israeli Sabra Jewish | Los Angeles | 18,885 | Pico Robertson & Fairfax | Judaism | Israel | Hebrew | 60 | ||
| Israeli Sabra Jewish | Miami | 12,299 | Plantation | Judaism | Israel | Hebrew | 54 | ||
| Israeli Sabra Jewish | New York | 36,720 | Judaism | Israel | Hebrew | 66 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 36,720 people living in Metro New York who were born in Israel. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. A 2018 articl by Haaretz entitled, "Then We Take Manhattan," estimated 150,000 Israelis lived in New York City alone. | ||
| Israeli Sabra Jewish | San Francisco | 9,384 | Sunnyvale | Judaism | Israel | Hebrew | 51 | ||
| Israeli Sabra Jewish | Toronto | 9,750 | North York | Judaism | Israel | Hebrew | 49 | 2021 Statistics Canada estimates that there are 16,895 of Israeli origin in Greater Toronto Area. According to a recent report from the Israeli government, approximately 74% of the population of Israel is Jewish and of the Jewish population, approximately 78% of the Jewish population is Sabra. Using these numbers, the population of Israeli Sabra Jews in GTA is estimated at 9,750. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Jordanian Arab | Chicago | 9,519 | Bridgeview | Islam | Jordan | South Levantine Arabic | 40 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Around 50% of Jordanians in the US are Muslim. These percentages and those claiming Jordanian ancestry on the 2021 American Community Survey 5-year estimates indicate approximately 9,519 Jordanian Arab Muslims live in Chicagoland. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Jordanian Arab | Detroit | 7,132 | East Dearborn | Islam | Jordan | South Levantine Arabic | 37 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Around 50% of Jordanians in the US are Muslim. These percentages and those claiming Jordanian ancestry on the 2019 American Community Survey 1-year estimates indicate that there are approximately 7,132 Jordanian Arab Muslims in Metro Detroit. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Jordanian Arab | Los Angeles | 7,184 | Anaheim | Islam | Jordan | South Levantine Arabic | 33 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Around 50% of Jordanians in the US are Muslim. These percentages and those claiming Jordanian ancestry on the 2019 American Community Survey 1-year estimates indicate that there are approximately 7,184 Jordanian Arab Muslims in Greater Los Angeles. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Jordanian Arab | New York | 8,192 | Astoria (Queens) | Bay Ridge | Islam | Jordan | South Levantine Arabic | 25 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Around 50% of Jordanians in the US are Muslim. These percentages and those claiming Jordanian ancestry on the 2019 American Community Survey 1-year estimates indicate that there are approximately 8,192 Jordanian Arab Muslims in Metro New York. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Jula | New York | 5,000 | Harlem | Islam | Cote d'Ivoire | Dyula | 69 | ||
| Kabyle Berber | Montreal | 29,174 | Longue-Pointe | Islam | Algeria | Kabyle | 49 | ||
| Kazakh | New York | 5,969 | Brighton Beach (Brooklyn) | Islam | Kazakhstan | Kazakh | 50 | ||
| Kurd | Dallas Fort Worth | 6,500 | South Arlington | Plano | Islam | Iraq | Northern Kurdish | 52 | The United States Census doesn't accurately account for the Kurdish population. On the US Census, there is not a Kurdish ethnicity listed. Prior to the 2020 Census, there was not a write-in option. The Kurdish community was diligent in informing Kurds to write in their ethnicity. Kurdish is a language option for languages other than English spoken at home. In DFW, 2,228 households listed Kurdish as a language other than English spoken at home. Due to this, population estimates are based on community estimates. Community estimates range from 5,000 to 8,000. |
| Kurd | Nashville | 15,000 | Elysian Fields | N/A | Islam | Iraq | Northern Kurdish | 53 | The United States Census doesn’t accurately account for the Kurdish population. On the US Census, there is not a Kurdish ethnicity listed. Prior to the 2020 Census, there was not a write-in option. The Kurdish community was diligent in informing Kurds to write in their ethnicity. Kurdish is a language option for languages other than English spoken at home. In Metro Nashville, 5,456 households listed Kurdish as a language other than English spoken at home. Due to this, population estimates are based on community estimates. Community estimates range from 15,000 – 20,000. |
| Kurd | Toronto | 6,630 | York | Islam | Iraq | Northern Kurdish | 50 | Statistics Canada 2021 estimated 6,630 people with Kurdish ancestry in the Greater Toronto Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. | |
| Kyrgyz | Chicago | 15,000 | Des Plaines | Arlington Heights | Islam | Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyz | 71 | |
| Kyrgyz | New York | 5,000 | Brighton Beach (Brooklyn) | Islam | Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyz | 68 | ||
| Lebanese Arab | Boston | 22,539 | Somerville | Islam | Lebanon | North Levantine Arabic | 35 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79 percent in the United States. According to Canadian Arab Institute Research, approximately 32% of Lebanese are Muslim. These percentages plus the total Lebanese population from the American Community Survey 2019 1-year Ancestry table, estimate approximately 22,539 Lebanese Arabs live in the Greater Boston Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Lebanese Arab | Chicago | 5,681 | Bridgeview | Woodbridge | Islam | Lebanon | North Levantine Arabic | 47 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79 percent in the United States. According to Canadian Arab Institute Research, approximately 32% of Lebanese are Muslim. These percentages plus the total Lebanese population from the American Community Survey 2021 5-year Ancestry table estimate approximately 5,681 Lebanese Arab Muslims live in Chicagoland. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Lebanese Arab | Cleveland | 6,012 | West Cleveland | Islam | Lebanon | North Levantine Arabic | 28 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79 percent in the United States. According to Canadian Arab Institute Research, approximately 32% of Lebanese are Muslim. These percentages plus the total Lebanese population from the American Community Survey 2019 1-year Ancestry table estimate approximately 6,012 Lebanese Arabs live in Chicagoland. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Lebanese Arab | Dallas Fort Worth | 5,671 | Richardson | Dallas, Plano, Arlington | Islam | Lebanon | North Levantine Arabic | 27 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79 percent in the United States. According to Canadian Arab Institute Research, approximately 32% of Lebanese are Muslim. These percentages plus the total Lebanese population from the American Community Survey 2019 1-year Ancestry table estimate approximately 5,671 Lebanese Arabs live in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Lebanese Arab | Detroit | 33,099 | East Dearborn | Islam | Lebanon | North Levantine Arabic | 42 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79 percent in the United States. According to Canadian Arab Institute Research, approximately 32% of Lebanese are Muslim. These percentages plus the total Lebanese population from the American Community Survey 2019 1-year Ancestry table estimate approximately 33,099 Lebanese Arabs live in Metropolitan Detroit. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Lebanese Arab | Houston | 6,622 | Mid West | Islam | Lebanon | North Levantine Arabic | 27 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79 percent in the United States. According to Canadian Arab Institute Research, approximately 32% of Lebanese are Muslim. These percentages plus the total Lebanese population from the American Community Survey 2019 1-year Ancestry table estimate approximately 6,622 Lebanese Arabs live in the Greater Houston area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Lebanese Arab | Los Angeles | 18,893 | Monterey Park | Bell, Central LA, Maywood, Cudahy | Islam | Lebanon | North Levantine Arabic | 35 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79 percent in the United States. According to Canadian Arab Institute Research, approximately 32% of Lebanese are Muslim. These percentages plus the total Lebanese population from the American Community Survey 2019 1-year Ancestry table estimate approximately 18,893 Lebanese Arabs live in the Greater Los Angeles area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Lebanese Arab | Miami | 7,622 | Upper Eastside | Islam | Lebanon | North Levantine Arabic | 47 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79 percent in the United States. According to Canadian Arab Institute Research, approximately 32% of Lebanese are Muslim. These percentages plus the total Lebanese population from the American Community Survey 2019 1-year Ancestry table estimate approximately 7,622 Lebanese Arabs live in the Greater Miami area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Lebanese Arab | Montreal | 20,607 | Saint-Laurent | Islam | Lebanon | North Levantine Arabic | 39 | According to Statistics Canada, there are approximately 68,690 people who claim Lebanese ancestry. Of these, approximately 30% consider themselves Muslim, resulting in approximately 20,607 Lebanese Muslims in the Greater Montreal Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The number of Lebanese Arabs is likely greater than this number. | |
| Lebanese Arab | New York | 20,901 | Paterson | Bayridge | Islam | Lebanon | North Levantine Arabic | 34 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79 percent in the United States. According to Canadian Arab Institute Research, approximately 32% of Lebanese are Muslim. These percentages plus the total Lebanese population from the American Community Survey 2019 1-year Ancestry table estimate approximately 20,901 Lebanese Arabs live in Greater New York. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Lebanese Arab | Ottawa | 8,855 | South Ottawa | Islam | Lebanon | North Levantine Arabic | 31 | According to Statistics Canada, there are approximately 29,515 people who claim Lebanese ancestry in the Greater Ottawa area. Of these, approximately 30% consider themselves Muslim resulting in approximately 8,855 Lebanese Muslims in the area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. | |
| Lebanese Arab | Toronto | 7,595 | Mississauga | Islam | Lebanon | North Levantine Arabic | 32 | According to Statistics Canada, there are approximately 25,315 people who claim Lebanese ancestry. Of these, approximately 30% consider themselves Muslim resulting in approximately 7,595 Lebanese Muslims in the Greater Toronto Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. | |
| Lebanese Arab | Washington D.C. | 9,239 | Woodley Park | Islam | Lebanon | North Levantine Arabic | 33 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79 percent in the United States. According to Canadian Arab Institute Research, approximately 32% of Lebanese are Muslim. These percentages plus the total Lebanese population from the American Community Survey 2019 1-year Ancestry table estimate approximately 9,239 Lebanese Arabs live in the Washington Metropolitan area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Mandinka | New York | 5,000 | Highbridge (Bronx) | Islam | The Gambia | Mandinka | 81 | ||
| Maninka | New York | 5,000 | Concourse (Bronx) | Islam | Guinea | Maninkakan, Eastern | 76 | ||
| Persian Jewish (Mashadi) | New York | 5,000 | Judaism | Iran | Iranian Persian | 88 | The Mashadi Jewish community in Metro New York is estimated to number around 4,000 on the low end and 7,000 on the high end. | ||
| Moroccan Arab | Boston | 12,602 | Malden | Islam | Morocco | Moroccan Arabic | 46 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Using this percentage and 2019 American Community Survey 1-year estimates for those claiming Moroccan ancestry indicate that there are approximately 6,660 Moroccan Arabs in Metro Detroit. | |
| Moroccan Arab | Chicago | 5,000 | Bridgeview | Old Irving Park | Islam | Morocco | Moroccan Arabic | 44 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Using this percentage and 2021 American Community Survey 5-year estimates for those claiming Moroccan ancestry indicate approximately 7,400 Moroccan Arabs live in Chicagoland. |
| Moroccan Arab | Detroit | 6,660 | Hamtramck | Islam | Morocco | Moroccan Arabic | 37 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Using this percentage and 2019 American Community Survey 1-year estimates for those claiming Moroccan ancestry indicate approximately 6,660 Moroccan Arabs live in Metro Detroit. | |
| Moroccan Arab | Los Angeles | 7,272 | Central LA-Beverly Wood | Islam | Morocco | Moroccan Arabic | 44 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 179.56 percent in the United States. Using this percentage and 2019 American Community Survey 1-year estimates for those claiming Moroccan ancestry indicate approximately 7,300 Moroccan Arabs live in Greater Los Angeles. | |
| Moroccan Arab | Miami | 9,651 | Upper Eastside | N/A | Islam | Morocco | Moroccan Arabic | 47 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Using this percentage and 2019 American Community Survey 1-year estimates for those claiming Moroccan ancestry indicate approximately 9,650 Moroccan Arabs live in Greater Miami. |
| Moroccan Arab | Montreal | 60,775 | Little Maghreb | Islam | Morocco | Moroccan Arabic | 72 | Statistics Canada 2021 estimated 70,775 people with Moroccan ancestry in the Greater Montreal area. There are approximately 10,000 Moroccan Jews in this same area. Therefore, the population of Moroccan Arab Muslims is approximately 60,775. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. | |
| Moroccan Arab | New York | 41,356 | Astoria (Queens) | Islam | Morocco | Moroccan Arabic | 57 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Using this percentage and 2019 American Community Survey 1-year estimates for those claiming Moroccan ancestry indicate approximately 41,356 Moroccan Arabs live in Metro New York. | |
| Moroccan Arab | Philadelphia | 6,114 | Center City | Islam | Morocco | Moroccan Arabic | 41 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Using this percentage and 2019 American Community Survey 1-year estimates for those claiming Moroccan ancestry indicate that there are approximately 6,114 Moroccan Arabs in the Metropolitan Philadelphia Area. | |
| Moroccan Arab | Washington D.C. | 28,279 | Brockwood | Islam | Morocco | Moroccan Arabic | 50 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Using this percentage and 2019 American Community Survey 1-year estimates for those claiming Moroccan ancestry indicate approximately 28,279 Moroccan Arabs live in the Washington Metropolitan Area. | |
| Moroccan Jewish | Toronto | 5,000 | North York | Judaism | Morocco | Judeo-Moroccan Arabic | 83 | ||
| Moroccan Jewish | Montreal | 10,000 | Hampstead | Judaism | Morocco | Judeo-Moroccan Arabic | 64 | ||
| Indo-Pak Muslims | Atlanta | 26,175 | Roswell | Islam | Pakistan | Urdu | 40 | ||
| Indo-Pak Muslims | Austin | 9,336 | Northwest Austin | Round Rock, Pflugerville | Islam | Pakistan | Urdu | 39 | |
| Indo-Pak Muslims | Boston | 20,368 | Cambridge | Islam | Pakistan | Urdu | 44 | ||
| Indo-Pak Muslims | Calgary | 17,785 | Castleridge | Islam | Pakistan | Urdu | 44 | Statistics Canada 2021 estimated 17,785 people in the Greater Calgary Area consider Urdu their mother tongue. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. | |
| Indo-Pak Muslims | Chicago | 57,031 | Skokie | Islam | Pakistan | Urdu | 36 | The population of Indo-Pak Muslims in Chicagoland was estimated using the ACS Asian Alone estimates from 2019 for Pakistanis and Urdu Speaking Muslim Indians. There are 34,786 Pakistanis, and according to Pew Research approximately 10% of the Indian population are Urdu-speaking Muslims (10% of 222,451), resulting in a total of 57,031. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Indo-Pak Muslims | Dallas Fort Worth | 43,274 | Plano | Irving, Allen, Carrollton, Richardson | Islam | Pakistan | Urdu | 47 | The estimate originates from the 2019 Census data “Place of Birth for Foreign-Born Population.” Pew Research also confirms this number and provides great demographic information for Pakistanis in the US. In addition, Pew Research indicates that 10% of all Indian descent population in the U.S. identify as Muslim. Therefore, this estimate includes 10% of the Indian population. |
| Indo-Pak Muslims | Detroit | 19,726 | Canton | Islam | Pakistan | Urdu | 37 | ||
| Indo-Pak Muslims | Edmonton | 8,815 | Blue Quill | Islam | Pakistan | Urdu | 36 | Statistics Canada 2021 estimated 8,815 people in the Greater Edmonton Area consider Urdu their mother tongue. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. | |
| Indo-Pak Muslims | Houston | 54,218 | Sugarland | League City | Islam | Pakistan | Urdu | 47 | The population of Indo-Pak Muslims in Greater Houston was estimated using the ACS Asian Alone estimates from 2019 for Pakistanis and Urdu Speaking Muslim Indians. There are 39,668 Pakistanis and approximately 10% of the Indian population are Urdu-speaking Muslims (10% of 145,500), resulting in a total of 54,218. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Indo-Pak Muslims | Kitchener | 5,735 | Cambridge | Victoria Hills, Huron Park | Islam | Pakistan | Urdu | 39 | Statistics Canada 2021 estimated 5,735 people in the Kitchener area consider Urdu their mother tongue. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. |
| Indo-Pak Muslims | Los Angeles | 43,766 | Central LA | Corona | Islam | Pakistan | Urdu | 37 | The population of Indo-Pak Muslims in Greater Los Angeles was estimated using the ACS Asian Alone estimates from 2019 for Pakistanis and Urdu Speaking Muslim Indians. There are 23,831 Pakistanis, and according to Pew Research, approximately 10% of the Indian population are Urdu-speaking Muslims (10% of 199,349), resulting in a total of 43,766.. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Indo-Pak Muslims | Miami | 12,668 | Miramar-Pimebrook Pines | Islam | Pakistan | Urdu | 50 | ||
| Indo-Pak Muslims | Montreal | 10,990 | Parc Extension | Islam | Pakistan | Urdu | 47 | Statistics Canada 2021 estimated 10.990 people in the Greater Montreal Area consider Urdu their mother tongue. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. | |
| Indo-Pak Muslims | New York | 171,011 | Midwood (Brooklyn) | Islam | Pakistan | Urdu | 50 | The population of Indo-Pak Muslims in Metro New York was estimated using the ACS Asian Alone estimates from 2019 for Pakistanis and Urdu Speaking Muslim Indians. There are 171,012 Pakistanis and approximately 10% of the Indian population are Urdu-speaking Muslims (10% of 709,135), resulting in a total of 171,012. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Indo-Pak Muslims | Orlando | 7,808 | Florida Center | Islam | Pakistan | Urdu | 48 | ||
| Indo-Pak Muslims | Ottawa | 10,990 | Sandy Hill | Islam | Pakistan | Urdu | 46 | Statistics Canada 2021 estimated 5,660 people in the Greater Ottawa Area consider Urdu their mother tongue. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. | |
| Indo-Pak Muslims | Philadelphia | 25,830 | Delran | Islam | Pakistan | Urdu | 34 | ||
| Indo-Pak Muslims | Sacramento | 14,165 | North Oak Park | Islam | Pakistan | Urdu | 45 | ||
| Indo-Pak Muslims | San Francisco | 74,602 | Diamond Heights | Islam | Pakistan | Urdu | 45 | ||
| Indo-Pak Muslims | Seattle | 17,439 | Meridian | Islam | Pakistan | Urdu | 42 | ||
| Indo-Pak Muslims | Toronto | 134,195 | East York | Brampton, Markham, Mississauga | Islam | Pakistan | Urdu | 51 | Statistics Canada 2021 estimated 134,195 people in the Greater Toronto Area consider Urdu their mother tongue. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. |
| Indo-Pak Muslims | Washington D.C. | 68,892 | Fairfax County, Mt. Vernon | Islam | Pakistan | Urdu | 48 | ||
| Indo-Pak Muslims | Vancouver | 10,495 | Burnaby and Surrey | Islam | Pakistan | Urdu | 47 | Statistics Canada 2021 estimated 10,495 people in the Greater Montreal Area consider Urdu their mother tongue. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. | |
| Palestinian Arab | Chicago | 20,612 | Bridgeview | Oak Lawn, Orland Park | Islam | Israel | South Levantine Arabic | 42 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Around 67% of Palestinians in the US are Muslim. These percentages and those claiming Palestinian ancestry on the 2021 American Community Survey 5-year estimates (17,133) indicate approximately 20,612 Palestinian Arabs in Chicagoland. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Palestinian Arab | Cleveland | 7,016 | North Olmstead | Islam | Israel | South Levantine Arabic | 37 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Around 67% of Palestinians in the US are Muslim. These percentages and those claiming Palestinian ancestry on the 2021 American Community Survey 5-year estimates (5,382) indicate approximately 7,016 Palestinian Arabs in Greater Cleveland. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Palestinian Arab | Dallas Fort Worth | 6,126 | Richardson | Islam | Israel | South Levantine Arabic | 38 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Around 67% of Palestinians in the US are Muslim. These percentages and those claiming Palestinian ancestry on the 2021 American Community Survey 1-year estimates (5,092) indicate approximately 6,126 Palestinian Arabs in the Dalla-Forth Worth Metroplex. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Palestinian Arab | Detroit | 6,177 | Livonia | Islam | Israel | South Levantine Arabic | 33 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Around 67% of Palestinians in the US are Muslim. These percentages and those claiming Palestinian ancestry on the 2021 American Community Survey 5-year estimates (5,135) indicate approximately 6,177 Palestinian Arabs in Metro Detroit. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Palestinian Arab | Houston | 6,534 | Mid West | Clear Lake City, Spring | Islam | Israel | South Levantine Arabic | 35 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Around 67% of Palestinians in the US are Muslim. These percentages and those claiming Palestinian ancestry on the 2019 American Community Survey 1-year estimates (5,432) indicate approximately 6,534 Palestinian Arabs in Metro Detroit. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Palestinian Arab | Los Angeles | 13,593 | Anaheim | Islam | Israel | South Levantine Arabic | 40 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Around 67% of Palestinians in the US are Muslim. These percentages and those claiming Palestinian ancestry on the 2021 American Community Survey 5-year estimates (11,299) indicate approximately 13,593 Palestinian Arabs in Greater Los Angeles. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Palestinian Arab | New York | 16,253 | South Paterson (NJ) | BayRidge | Islam | Israel | South Levantine Arabic | 42 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Around 67% of Palestinians in the US are Muslim. These percentages and those claiming Palestinian ancestry on the 2021 American Community Survey 1-year estimates (13,510) indicate approximately 16,253 Palestinian Arabs in Metro New York. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Palestinian Arab | San Francisco | 10,855 | Soma | Islam | Israel | South Levantine Arabic | 42 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Around 67% of Palestinians in the US are Muslim. These percentages and those claiming Palestinian ancestry on the 2021 American Community Survey 5-year estimates (9,023) indicate approximately 10,855 Palestinian Arabs in the San Francisco Bay Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Palestinian Arab | Toronto | 10,271 | Mississauga | Islam | Israel | South Levantine Arabic | 41 | 2021 Statistics Canada estimated that there are 15,330 people of Palestinian ethnic origin. According to a study by the Canadian Arab Institute, 67% of Palestinians in the US are Muslim. These percentages and those claiming Palestinian ancestry indicate approximately 10,271 Palestinian Arabs in the Greater Toronto Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Palestinian Arab | Washington D.C. | 7,223 | Lanier Heights | Islam | Israel | South Levantine Arabic | 38 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. Around 67% of Palestinians in the US are Muslim. These percentages and those claiming Palestinian ancestry on the 2021 American Community Survey 5-year estimates (6,004)) indicate approximately 7,223 Palestinian Arabs in the Metropolitan Washington Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Persian | Atlanta | 9,429 | Cobb | Islam | Iran | Iranian Persian | 10 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 8,590 people with Iranian ancestry in the Atlanta Metro area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Persian | Boston | 7,746 | Malden | Islam | Iran | Iranian Persian | 29 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 7,746 people with Iranian ancestry in the Greater Boston Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Persian | Calgary | 6,385 | Sunalta | Islam | Iran | Iranian Persian | 22 | The Canadian Census of 2021 estimated 6,385 people with Persian ancestry in the Greater Calgary Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Persian | Chicago | 10,193 | Lincolnwood | Islam | Iran | Iranian Persian | 23 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Ancestry table estimated 10,193 people with Iranian ancestry in Chicagoland. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Persian | Dallas Fort Worth | 13,939 | Plano | Islam | Iran | Iranian Persian | 21 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 13,939 people with Iranian ancestry in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Persian | Houston | 14,742 | Woodlake/Briar Meadow | Islam | Iran | Iranian Persian | 21 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 14,742 people with Iranian ancestry in the Greater Houston area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Persian | Los Angeles | 127,713 | Tehrangeles | Glendale, Pico-Robertson | Islam | Iran | Iranian Persian | 43 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 127,713 people with Iranian ancestry in the Greater Los Angeles area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Persian | Miami | 6,085 | Doral | Islam | Iran | Iranian Persian | 32 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 6,085 people with Iranian ancestry in South Florida. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Persian | Montreal | 23,705 | Notre Dame de Grâce | Islam | Iran | Iranian Persian | 24 | Statistics Canada of 2021 estimated 23,705 people with Persian ancestry in the Greater Montreal Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Persian | New York | 30,520 | Great Neck (Long Island) | Islam | Iran | Iranian Persian | 33 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 30,520 people with Iranian ancestry in Metro New York. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Persian | Ottawa | 8,185 | Bayshore | Islam | Iran | Iranian Persian | 32 | The Canadian Census of 2016 estimated 7,620 people with Persian ancestry in the Greater Ottawa Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Persian | Portland | 6,672 | Pearl District | Islam | Iran | Iranian Persian | 22 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 6,672 people with Iranian ancestry in the Portland Metropolitan Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Persian | Philadelphia | 5,760 | Gladwyne | Islam | Iran | Iranian Persian | 20 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 5,760 people with Iranian ancestry in the Philadelphia Metropolitan Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Persian | Phoenix | 5,479 | Scottsdale | Islam | Iran | Iranian Persian | 20 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 5,479 people with Iranian ancestry in Metro Phoenix. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Persian | Sacramento | 8,100 | El Dorado Hills | Islam | Iran | Iranian Persian | 17 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 8,100 people with Iranian ancestry in the Greater Sacramento Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Persian | San Diego | 19,882 | La Jolla | Islam | Iran | Iranian Persian | 21 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 19,882 people with Iranian ancestry in the Greater San Diego Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Persian | San Francisco | 50,170 | San Mateo | Islam | Iran | Iranian Persian | 25 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 50,170 people with Iranian ancestry in the San Francisco Bay Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Persian | Seattle | 12,287 | Bellevue | Islam | Iran | Iranian Persian | 16 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 12,287 people with Iranian ancestry in the Greater Seattle Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Persian | Toronto | 88,195 | North York | Scarborough, Midtown, Henry Farm | Islam | Iran | Iranian Persian | 40 | Statistics Canada of 2021 estimated 88,195 people with Persian ancestry in the Greater Toronto Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Persian | Vancouver | 45,815 | West Vancouver | Islam | Iran | Iranian Persian | 23 | The Canadian Census of 2016 estimated 97,110 people with Persian ancestry in the Greater Vancouver. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Persian | Washington D.C. | 30,426 | Tysons Corner | Islam | Iran | Iranian Persian | 26 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 30,246 people with Iranian ancestry in the Washington Metropolitan Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Punjabi Sikh | Abbotsford | 28,235 | Clearbrook | Sikhism | India | Panjabi | 49 | The Canadian Census of 2021 estimated there are 41,665 people who consider themselves Sikh in Greater Abbotsford. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. | |
| Punjabi Sikh | Bakersfield, CA | 10,000 | Panama | Sikhism | India | Panjabi | 56 | ||
| Punjabi Sikh | Calgary | 56,055 | Castleridge | Sikhism | India | Panjabi | 61 | Statistics Canada of 2021 estimated 56,055 people consider themselves Sikh in Greater Calgary. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. | |
| Punjabi Sikh | Chicago | 9,137 | West Ridge | Palentine, Wheaton, Rockford | Sikhism | India | Panjabi | 58 | Conservative estimates indicate there are 500,000 - 700,000 Punjabi Sikhs in the US. According to the 2021 American Community Survey (ACS), there are 315,588 Punjabi speakers in the US. Punjabi Sikhs are reluctant to answer census surveys and lack clear ways to indicate their ethnicity or religion. Based on this information, Punjabi Sikhs are undercounted by at least 60%. Therefore, the number of Punjabi speakers indicated in ACS data is multiplied by 1.6 to represent the Punjabi Sikh population better. The 2021 ACS 5-yr Language number for Chicagoland was 5,711, multiplied to estimate the population at 9,137 Sikhs in the area. |
| Punjabi Sikh | Dallas Fort Worth | 12,285 | Irving | Richardson, Garland | Sikhism | India | Panjabi | 51 | Conservative estimates indicate there are 500,000 - 700,000 Punjabi Sikhs in the US. According to the 2021 American Community Survey (ACS), there are 315,588 Punjabi speakers in the US. Punjabi Sikhs are reluctant to answer census surveys and lack clear ways to indicate their ethnicity or religion. Based on this information, Punjabi Sikhs are undercounted by at least 60%. Therefore, the number of Punjabi speakers indicated in ACS data is multiplied by 1.6 to represent the Punjabi Sikh population better. The 2021 ACS 5-yr Language number for Dallas-Fort Worth was 7,678, multiplied to estimate the population at 12,285 Sikhs in the area. |
| Punjabi Sikh | Detroit | 8,733 | Canton | Westland, Sterling Heights | Sikhism | India | Panjabi | 56 | Conservative estimates indicate there are 500,000 - 700,000 Punjabi Sikhs in the US. According to the 2021 American Community Survey (ACS), there are 315,588 Punjabi speakers in the US. Punjabi Sikhs are reluctant to answer census surveys and lack clear ways to indicate their ethnicity or religion. Based on this information, Punjabi Sikhs are undercounted by at least 60%. Therefore, the number of Punjabi speakers indicated in ACS data is multiplied by 1.6 to represent the Punjabi Sikh population better. The 2021 ACS 5-yr Language number for Greater Detroit was 5,458, multiplied to estimate the population at 8,733 Sikhs in the area. |
| Punjabi Sikh | Edmonton | 44,440 | Southeast Edmonton | Sikhism | India | Panjabi | 67 | The Canadian Census of 2021 estimated there are 44,440 people who consider themselves Sikh in Greater Edmonton. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. | |
| Punjabi Sikh | Fresno | 8,732 | Muscatel | Sikhism | India | Panjabi | 47 | Conservative estimates indicate there are 500,000 - 700,000 Punjabi Sikhs in the US. According to the 2021 American Community Survey (ACS), there are 315,588 Punjabi speakers in the US. Punjabi Sikhs are reluctant to answer census surveys and lack clear ways to indicate their ethnicity or religion. Based on this information, Punjabi Sikhs are undercounted by at least 60%. Therefore, the number of Punjabi speakers indicated in ACS data is multiplied by 1.6 to represent the Punjabi Sikh population better. The 2021 ACS 5-yr Language number for Fresno was 5,458, multiplied to estimate the population at 8,732 Sikhs in the area. | |
| Punjabi Sikh | Hamilton | 9,590 | Grayside | Sikhism | India | Panjabi | 51 | Statistics Canada of 2021 estimated 9,590 people consider themselves Sikh in Hamilton. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. | |
| Punjabi Sikh | Houston | 8,964 | Willowbrook | Fort Bend County | Sikhism | India | Panjabi | 51 | Conservative estimates indicate there are 500,000 - 700,000 Punjabi Sikhs in the US. According to the 2021 American Community Survey (ACS), there are 315,588 Punjabi speakers in the US. Punjabi Sikhs are reluctant to answer census surveys and lack clear ways to indicate their ethnicity or religion. Based on this information, Punjabi Sikhs are undercounted by at least 60%. Therefore, the number of Punjabi speakers indicated in ACS data is multiplied by 1.6 to represent the Punjabi Sikh population better. The 2021 ACS 5-yr Language number for Greater Houston was 5,603, multiplied to estimate the population at 8,964 Sikhs in the area. |
| Punjabi Sikh | Indianapolis | 8,789 | McCordsville | Sikhism | India | Panjabi | 55 | Conservative estimates indicate there are 500,000 - 700,000 Punjabi Sikhs in the US. According to the 2021 American Community Survey (ACS), there are 315,588 Punjabi speakers in the US. Punjabi Sikhs are reluctant to answer census surveys and lack clear ways to indicate their ethnicity or religion. Based on this information, Punjabi Sikhs are undercounted by at least 60%. Therefore, the number of Punjabi speakers indicated in ACS data is multiplied by 1.6 to represent the Punjabi Sikh population better. The 2021 ACS 5-yr Language number for Metro Indianapolis was 5,493, multiplied to estimate the population at 8,789 Sikhs in the area. | |
| Punjabi Sikh | Los Angeles | 32,347 | Buena Park | Irvine, Riverside | Sikhism | India | Panjabi | 59 | Conservative estimates indicate there are 500,00 - 700,000 Punjabi Sikhs in the US. According to the 2021 American Community Survey (ACS), there are 315,588 Punjabi speakers in the US. Punjabi Sikhs are reluctant to answer census surveys and lack clear ways to indicate their ethnicity or religion. Based on this information, Punjabi Sikhs are undercounted by at least 60%. Therefore, the number of Punjabi speakers indicated in ACS data is multiplied by 1.6 to represent the Punjabi Sikh population better. The 2021 ACS 5-yr Language number for Greater Los Angeles was 20,217, multiplied to estimate the population at 32,347 Sikhs in the area. |
| Punjabi Sikh | Montreal | 22,990 | Parc Extension | Sikhism | India | Panjabi | 58 | Statistics Canada of 2021 estimated 22,990 people consider themselves Sikh in the Greater Montreal area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. | |
| Punjabi Sikh | New York | 78,408 | Richmond Hill (Queens) | Manhattan, Long Island, Woodbridge (NJ), Jersey City (NJ) | Sikhism | India | Panjabi | 69 | Conservative estimates indicate there are 500,00 - 700,000 Punjabi Sikhs in the US. According to the 2021 American Community Survey (ACS), there are 315,588 Punjabi speakers in the US. Punjabi Sikhs are reluctant to answer census surveys and lack clear ways to indicate their ethnicity or religion. Based on this information, Punjabi Sikhs are undercounted by at least 60%. Therefore, the number of Punjabi speakers indicated in ACS data is multiplied by 1.6 to represent the Punjabi Sikh population better. The 2021 ACS 5-yr Language number for Metro New was 49,005, multiplied to estimate the population at 78,408 Sikhs in the area. |
| Punjabi Sikh | Philadelphia | 10,266 | Millbourne | Sikhism | India | Panjabi | 55 | Conservative estimates indicate there are 500,000 - 700,000 Punjabi Sikhs in the US. According to the 2021 American Community Survey (ACS), there are 315,588 Punjabi speakers in the US. Punjabi Sikhs are reluctant to answer census surveys and lack clear ways to indicate their ethnicity or religion. Based on this information, Punjabi Sikhs are undercounted by at least 60%. Therefore, the number of Punjabi speakers indicated in ACS data is multiplied by 1.6 to represent the Punjabi Sikh population better. The 2021 ACS 5-yr Language number for Philadephia was 6,416, multiplied to estimate the population at 10,266 Sikhs in the area. | |
| Punjabi Sikh | Sacramento | 52,754 | South Sacramento | Yuba City | Sikhism | India | Panjabi | 55 | Conservative estimates indicate there are 500,000 - 700,000 Punjabi Sikhs in the US. According to the 2021 American Community Survey (ACS), there are 315,588 Punjabi speakers in the US. Punjabi Sikhs are reluctant to answer census surveys and lack clear ways to indicate their ethnicity or religion. Based on this information, Punjabi Sikhs are undercounted by at least 60%. Therefore, the number of Punjabi speakers indicated in ACS data is multiplied by 1.6 to represent the Punjabi Sikh population better. The 2021 ACS 5-yr Language number for the Greater Sacramento Area was 32,971, multiplied to estimate the population at 52,754 Sikhs in the area. |
| Punjabi Sikh | San Francisco | 100,118 | Fremont | San Jose, El Sobrante, Berkeley, Stockton/Lodi | Sikhism | India | Panjabi | 77 | Conservative estimates indicate there are 500,000 - 700,000 Punjabi Sikhs in the US. According to the 2021 American Community Survey (ACS), there are 315,588 Punjabi speakers in the US. Punjabi Sikhs are reluctant to answer census surveys and lack clear ways to indicate their ethnicity or religion. Based on this information, Punjabi Sikhs are undercounted by at least 60%. Therefore, the number of Punjabi speakers indicated in ACS data is multiplied by 1.6 to represent the Punjabi Sikh population better. The 2021 ACS 5-yr Language number for the Greater San Francisco Area was 62,574, multiplied to estimate the population at 100,118 Sikhs in the area. |
| Punjabi Sikh | Seattle | 24,757 | Kent | Sikhism | India | Panjabi | 68 | Conservative estimates indicate there are 500,000 - 700,000 Punjabi Sikhs in the US. According to the 2021 American Community Survey (ACS), there are 315,588 Punjabi speakers in the US. Punjabi Sikhs are reluctant to answer census surveys and lack clear ways to indicate their ethnicity or religion. Based on this information, Punjabi Sikhs are undercounted by at least 60%. Therefore, the number of Punjabi speakers indicated in ACS data is multiplied by 1.6 to represent the Punjabi Sikh population better. The 2021 ACS 5-yr Language number for the Greater Seattle Area was 15,473, multiplied to estimate the population at 24,757 Sikhs in the area. | |
| Punjabi Sikh | Toronto | 244,240 | Brampton | Etobicoke, Scarborough | Sikhism | India | Panjabi | 75 | Statistics Canada of 2021 estimated 95,825 people consider themselves Sikh in the Greater Toronto area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. |
| Punjabi Sikh | Vancouver | 222,160 | Surrey | Vancouver | Sikhism | India | Panjabi | 65 | Statistics Canada of 2021 estimated 222,160 people consider themselves Sikh in the Greater Vancouver area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. |
| Punjabi Sikh | Washington D.C. | 20,886 | Fairfax | Sikhism | India | Panjabi | 48 | Conservative estimates indicate there are 500,000 - 700,000 Punjabi Sikhs in the US. According to the 2021 American Community Survey (ACS), there are 315,588 Punjabi speakers in the US. Punjabi Sikhs are reluctant to answer census surveys and lack clear ways to indicate their ethnicity or religion. Based on this information, Punjabi Sikhs are undercounted by at least 60%. Therefore, the number of Punjabi speakers indicated in ACS data is multiplied by 1.6 to represent the Punjabi Sikh population better. The 2021 ACS 5-yr Language number for the Metropolitan Washington Area was 13,054, multiplied to estimate the population at 20,886 Sikhs in the area. | |
| Punjabi Sikh | Winnipeg | 33,345 | The Maples | Sikhism | India | Panjabi | 45 | Statistics Canada of 2021 estimated 33,345 people consider themselves Sikh in Winnipeg. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. | |
| Pupa Jewish | New York | 8,825 | Judaism | Hungary | Yiddish | 90 | |||
| Sanzer Jewish | New York | 7,006 | Judaism | Romania | Yiddish | 88 | |||
| Satmar Jewish | New York | 156,744 | Judaism | Hungary | Yiddish | 99 | Population estimate was derived from the Historical Atlas of Hasidism by Marcin Wodziński. At the time of the book’s research (2016), there were 21,165 Satmar Jewish households in Metro New York. For a 2021 estimate, five more years were added at a 4.3% annual growth rate times an average household size of 6 (see Census Based Estimation of the Hasidic Jewish Population by Joshua Comenetz and census data on Kiryas Joel). That total comes to an estimated 156,744 Satmar in Metro New York in 2021. | ||
| Saudi Arab | Chicago | 5,470 | Dekalb County | Islam | Saudi Arabia | Nadji Arabic | 74 | The 2021 American Community Survey (ACS) reported 3,571 people who reported Saudi Arabia as their place of birth. According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. According to Open Doors, approximately 15% of Saudi Arabians in the US are students. These percentages and the ACS 5-year Place of Birth estimates indicate that approximately 5,500 Saudi Arabians live in Chicagoland. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Saudi Arab | Dallas Fort Worth | 5,457 | Denton | Islam | Saudi Arabia | Nadji Arabic | 74 | The 2021 American Community Survey (ACS) reported 3,563 people who reported Saudi Arabia as their place of birth. According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. According to Open Doors, approximately 15% of Saudi Arabians in the US are students. These percentages and the ACS 5-year Place of Birth estimates indicate that approximately 5,500 Saudi Arabians live in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Saudi Arab | Houston | 5,420 | River Oaks | Islam | Saudi Arabia | Nadji Arabic | 74 | The 2021 American Community Survey (ACS) reported 3,539 people who reported Saudi Arabia as their place of birth. According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. According to Open Doors, approximately 15% of Saudi Arabians in the US are students. These percentages and the ACS 5-year Place of Birth estimates indicate that approximately 5,400 Saudi Arabians live in Greater Houston. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Saudi Arab | Los Angeles | 5,497 | Irvine | Compton | Islam | Saudi Arabia | Nadji Arabic | 74 | The 2021 American Community Survey (ACS) reported 3,589 people who reported Saudi Arabia as their place of birth. According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. According to Open Doors, approximately 15% of Saudi Arabians in the US are students. These percentages and the ACS 5-year Place of Birth estimates indicate that approximately 5,500 Saudi Arabians live in Greater Los Angeles. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Saudi Arab | New York | 6,573 | Bayridge | Washington Heights, Paterson, NJ | Islam | Saudi Arabia | Nadji Arabic | 74 | The 2021 American Community Survey (ACS) reported 4,409 people who reported Saudi Arabia as their place of birth. According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. According to Open Doors, approximately 15% of Saudi Arabians in the US are students. These percentages and the ACS 5-year Place of Birth estimates indicate that approximately 6,800 Saudi Arabians live in Metro New York. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Saudi Arab | Washington D.C. | 6,606 | Vienna | Centerville, McLean, Prince William County | Islam | Saudi Arabia | Nadji Arabic | 74 | The 2021 American Community Survey (ACS) reported 4,313 people who reported Saudi Arabia as their place of birth. According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations are undercounted by 79.56 percent in the United States. According to Open Doors, approximately 15% of Saudi Arabians in the US are students. These percentages and the ACS 5-year Place of Birth estimates indicate that approximately 6,600 Saudi Arabians live in the Washington Metropolitan Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Skver Jewish | New York | 17,678 | Judaism | Ukraine | Yiddish | 91 | |||
| Somali | Calgary | 6,450 | Northeast Calgary | Islam | Somalia | Somali | 63 | According to Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population there are 2,845 people of Somali ethnic origin in Greater Calgary. Census numbers are often undercounted, especially for groups suspicious of government representatives. Therefore, the number of Somalis in Calgary is likely around 6,450 based on an estimated 150,000 Somalians in Canada. | |
| Somali | Columbus, OH | 45,000 | Northland | N/A | Islam | Somalia | Somali | 79 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 16,006 people with Somali ancestry in the Columbus area. Census numbers are often undercounts, especially for groups suspicious of government representatives. Therefore, the number of Somalis in the Columbus area is likely around 45,000, which is the estimate given by the Somali Community Project. |
| Somali | Edmonton | 26,580 | McCauley | Ft. McMurray, Oil Sands | Islam | Somalia | Somali | 75 | According to Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population there are 11,615 people of Somali ethnic origin in Greater Edmonton. Census numbers are often undercounts, especially for groups suspicious of government representatives. Therefore, the number of Somalis in Edmonton is likely around 26,580 based on an estimate of 150,000 Somalians in Canada. |
| Somali | Twin Cities | 80,000 | Cedar-Riverside | Lyndale, Phillips West | Islam | Somalia | Somali | 73 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 56,303 people with Somali ancestry in the Twin Cities area. Because census numbers are often undercounts, especially for groups suspicious of government representatives, the number of Somalis in the Twin Cities is likely around 80,000 which is the estimated number from City Vision. |
| Somali | Nashville | 5,000 | Southeast Nashville | Larchwood | Islam | Somalia | Somali | 61 | An academic article in the Southeastern Geographer states, “Community leaders and social workers who engage with Tennessee’s Somali community estimate that Davidson County is home to around 5,000 Somalis. An accurate enumeration of Somalis in Nashville is difficult to generate due to poor participation in the decennial census. However, a sizable community is evident on the city’s landscape through the clustering of the ethnic business and religious establishments and noticeable concentrations of Somalis living along Murfreesboro Pike.” |
| Somali | Ottawa | 25,330 | Ridgemont | Islam | Somalia | Somali | 75 | According to Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population there are 11,070 people of Somali ethnic origin in Greater Ottawa. Census numbers are often undercounted, especially for groups suspicious of government representatives. Therefore, the number of Somalis in Ottawa is likely around 25,330 based on an estimated 150,000 Somalians in Canada. | |
| Somali | San Diego | 15,000 | City Heights | El Cerrito | Islam | Somalia | Somali | 72 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 6,530 people with Somali ancestry live in the Metropolitan San Diego area. Census numbers are often undercounts, especially for groups suspicious of government representatives. Therefore, the number of Somalis in the San Diego area is likely around 15,000 based on estimates from Somali Family Services. |
| Somali | Seattle | 30,000 | SeaTac | Tukwila, Rainer Valley | Islam | Somalia | Somali | 77 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 14,486 people with Somali ancestry in the Seattle area. Because census numbers are often undercounts, especially for groups suspicious of government representatives, the number of Somalis in the Seattle area is likely much higher. Local community estimates, including a paper written on behalf of the city, most often estimate 30,000 Somalis in the Seattle area. |
| Somali | Toronto | 56,700 | Etobicoke | N/A | Islam | Somalia | Somali | 77 | According to Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population there are 24,760 people of Somali ethnic origin in the Greater Toronto Area. Census numbers are often undercounted, especially for groups suspicious of government representatives. Therefore, the number of Somalis in GTA is likely around 56,700 based on an estimated 150,000 Somalians in Canada. |
| Somali | Vancouver | 5,048 | Newton | Islam | Somalia | Somali | 60 | According to Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population there are 2,315 people of Somali ethnic origin in the Greater Vancouver Area. Census numbers are often undercounted, especially for groups suspicious of government representatives. Therefore, the number of Somalis in Greater Vancouver is likely around 5,295 based on an estimated 150,000 Somalians in Canada. | |
| Somali Bantu | Columbus, OH | 5,000 | West side | Hilltop | Islam | Somalia | Maay | 85 | The US Census American Community Survey does not distinguish the people groups that originally lived in Somalia. Therefore, the population for this group is based on community estimates. |
| Somali Bantu | Toronto | 6,000 | Etobicoke | Islam | Somalia | Maay | 86 | ||
| Soninke | New York | 15,000 | Highbridge (Bronx) | Islam | Mali | Soninke | 85 | ||
| Soninke | Cincinnati | 5,000 | Westwood | Islam | Mali | Soninke | 76 | ||
| Sri Lankan Sinhalese | Los Angeles | 5,259 | Reseda | Tarzana | Buddhism | Sri Lanka | Sinhala | 40 | The 2021 5-year U.S. Census American Community Survey Asian Alone estimated 7,012 people with Sri Lankan ancestry in Greater Los Angeles. According to Joshua Project, approximately 75% of Sri Lankans in the US are Sinhalese. Therefore, the estimate of Sri Lankans who identify as Sinhalese is 5,259. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Sri Lankan Sinhalese | New York | 7,934 | Tompkinsville (SI) | Hollis Hills | Buddhism | Sri Lanka | Sinhala | 32 | The 2021 5-year U.S. Census American Community Survey Asian Alone estimated 10,578 people with Sri Lankan ancestry in Metro New York. According to Joshua Project, approximately 75% of Sri Lankans in the US are Sinhalese. Therefore, the estimate of Sri Lankans who identify as Sinhalese is 7,934. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Sri Lankan Sinhalese | Toronto | 16,300 | Scarborough | Buddhism | Sri Lanka | Sinhala | 38 | Statistics Canada 2021 counted 16,330 people with Knowledge of Language in the Greater Toronto Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Syrian Arabs | Boston | 7,378 | Quincy | Shawmut | Islam | Syria | North Levantine Arabic | 36 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations in the US are undercounted by 79 percent in the United States. Prior to 2012, approximately 70% of Syrian immigrants to North America were Christian. Since 2012, the majority of Syrians coming to North America are Muslim refugees. Using these percentages and information from the American Community Survey provides the most accurate estimates while excluding the number of Syrian Christians. There are approximately 7,378 Syrian Arab Muslims in Greater Boston. Using census information instead of community helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Syrian Arabs | Chicago | 6,902 | Rogers Park | West Rogers Park, Hyde Park | Islam | Syria | North Levantine Arabic | 35 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations in the US are undercounted by 79 percent in the United States. Prior to 2012, approximately 70% of Syrian immigrants to North America were Christian. Since 2012, the majority of Syrians coming to North America are Muslim refugees. Using these percentages and information from the American Community Survey provides the most accurate estimates while excluding the number of Syrian Christians. There are approximately 6,902 Syrian Arab Muslims in Chicagoland. Using census information instead of community helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Syrian Arabs | Detroit | 6,448 | East Dearborn | Islam | Syria | North Levantine Arabic | 36 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations in the US are undercounted by 79 percent in the United States. Prior to 2012, approximately 70% of Syrian immigrants to North America were Christian. Since 2012, the majority of Syrians coming to North America are Muslim refugees. Using these percentages and information from the American Community Survey provides the most accurate estimates while excluding the number of Syrian Christians. There are approximately 6,448 Syrian Arab Muslims in Metro Detroit. Using census information instead of community helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Syrian Arabs | Los Angeles | 11,474 | Anaheim | Islam | Syria | North Levantine Arabic | 37 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations in the US are undercounted by 79 percent in the United States. Prior to 2012, approximately 70% of Syrian immigrants to North America were Christian. Since 2012, the majority of Syrians coming to North America are Muslim refugees. Using these percentages and information from the American Community Survey provides the most accurate estimates while excluding the number of Syrian Christians. There are approximately 11,474 Syrian Arab Muslims in Greater Los Angeles. Using census information instead of community helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Syrian Arabs | Montreal | 16,248 | Ahuntsic-Cartierville | Saint-Laurent | Islam | Syria | North Levantine Arabic | 39 | Prior to 2011, approximately 70% of Syrian immigrants to North America were Christian. Since 2012, the majority of Syrians coming to North America are Muslim refugees. Using these percentages and information from Statistics Canada provides the most accurate estimates while excluding the number of Syrian Christians. There are approximately 16,428 Syrian Arab Muslims in the Greater Montreal Area. Using census information instead of community helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Syrian Arabs | New York | 18,151 | Bay Ridge (Brooklyn) | Islam | Syria | North Levantine Arabic | 38 | According to the Arab American Institute Foundation, Arab populations in the US are undercounted by 79 percent in the United States. Prior to 2012, approximately 70% of Syrian immigrants to North America were Christian. Since 2012, the majority of Syrians coming to North America are Muslim refugees. Using these percentages and information from the American Community Survey provides the most accurate estimates while excluding the number of Syrian Christians. There are approximately 18,151 Syrian Arab Muslims in Metro New York. Using census information instead of community helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Syrian Jewish | New York | 75,000 | Judaism | Syria | North Levantine Arabic | 96 | |||
| Persian Jewish (Tehrani) | Los Angeles | 40,000 | Judaism | Iran | Iranian Persian | 88 | The Jewish Telegraphic Agency wrote in a 2019 article that an estimated 40,000 Persian Jews lived in the Los Angeles area. In a 2008 article, the Los Angeles Times wrote that 50,000 Iranian Jews lived in the L.A. area. The community definitely has the places of worship, restaurants, and community associations to support these numbers. | ||
| Persian Jewish (Tehrani) | New York | 20,000 | Judaism | Iran | Iranian Persian | 86 | |||
| Tamil | Atlanta | 16,591 | Cumming | Hinduism | India | Tamil | 46 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 144,950 Asian Indians in Metro Atlanta. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 11.45% of the population consider themselves Tamil. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Tamil | Austin | 10,854 | North Austin | Hinduism | India | Tamil | 50 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 10,854 Asian Indians in Greater Austin. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 19.77% of the population consider themselves Tamil. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Tamil | Boston | 15,024 | Shrewsbury | Nashua | Hinduism | India | Tamil | 43 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 15,024 Asian Indians in Greater Boston. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 10.98% of the population consider themselves Tamil. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Tamil | Charlotte | 5,484 | Ballantyne | Hinduism | India | Tamil | 40 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 44,195 Asian Indians in the Charlotte Metropolitan area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 12.41% of the population consider themselves Tamil. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Tamil | Chicago | 15,122 | Napierville | North Side, Northbrook, Aurora, Schaumburg | Hinduism | India | Tamil | 37 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 234,148 Asian Indians in Chicagoland. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 6.46% of the population consider themselves Tamil. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Tamil | Dallas Fort Worth | 30,905 | Frisco | Coppell, Plano | Hinduism | India | Tamil | 41 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 213,139 Asian Indians in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 14.50% of the population consider themselves Tamil. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Tamil | Detroit | 8,077 | Troy | Novi, Canton, Bloomfield Hills | Hinduism | India | Tamil | 36 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 100,077 Asian Indians in Metro Detroit. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 8.07% of the population consider themselves Tamil. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Tamil | Houston | 11,069 | Pearland | Katy, Sugarland, Woodlands | Hinduism | India | Tamil | 38 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 146,967 Asian Indiians in Greater Houston. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 7.53% of the population consider themselves Tamil. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Tamil | Los Angeles | 14,659 | Arcadia | Irvine, Brea, Bakersfield | Hinduism | India | Tamil | 37 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 200,365 Asian Indians in Greater Los Angeles. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 7.32% of the population consider themselves Tamil. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Tamil | Montreal | 14,035 | Pierrefonds - Dollard | St. Laurent | Hinduism | India | Tamil | 37 | Statistics Canada 2021 estimated there are 14,035 Tamil speakers who consider the language their mother tongue in the Greater Montreal Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Tamil | New York | 46,368 | Bridgewater | Hinduism | India | Tamil | 44 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 749,366 Asian Indians in Metro New York. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 6.19% of the population consider themselves Tamil. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Tamil | Philadelphia | 10,882 | Exton | Malvern | Hinduism | India | Tamil | 39 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 145,141 Asian Indians in Philadelphia. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 7.50 of the population consider themselves Tamil. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Tamil | Phoenix | 13,293 | Chandler | North Phoenix | Hinduism | India | Tamil | 47 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 58,041 Asian Indians in Greater Phoenix. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 22.90% of the population consider themselves Tamil. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Tamil | Raleigh | 7,028 | Cary/Morrisville | Hinduism | India | Tamil | 44 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 52,652 Asian Indians in Raleigh-Durham. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 13.35% of the population consider themselves Tamil. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Tamil | San Francisco | 56,722 | South Bay | Fremont | Hinduism | India | Tamil | 44 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 471,394 Asian Indians in the San Francisco Bay Area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 12.03% of the population consider themselves Tamil. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Tamil | Seattle | 10,284 | Bothell | Bellevue, Redmond | Hinduism | India | Tamil | 41 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 124,181 Asian Indians in the Seattle Metropolitan Area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 8.28% of the population consider themselves Tamil. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Tamil | Twin Cities | 6,643 | Hopkins | Woodbury | Hinduism | India | Tamil | 45 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 43,071 Asian Indians in the Twin Cities. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 5.42% of the population consider themselves Tamil. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Tamil | Washington D.C. | 22,860 | Montgomery County, MD | Loudon County, VA | Hinduism | India | Tamil | 42 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 228,149 Asian Indians in the Washington Metropolitan Area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 10.02% of the population consider themselves Tamil. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Telugu | Atlanta | 27,005 | Cumming | Hinduism | India | Telugu | 38 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 144,950 Asian Indians in Metro Atlanta. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 18.63% of the population consider themselves Telegu. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Telugu | Austin | 15,711 | Cedar Park | Avery Ranch, Leander, Georgetown, Round Rock | Hinduism | India | Telugu | 44 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 54,911 Asian Indians in Greater Austin. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 22.61% of the population consider themselves Telugu. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Telugu | Boston | 15,309 | Walpole | Norwood, Shrewsbury, Quincy | Hinduism | India | Telugu | 44 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 136,817 Asian Indians in Greater Boston. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 11.19% of the population consider themselves Telugu. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Telugu | Charlotte | 11,416 | Ballantyne | Concord | Hinduism | India | Telugu | 44 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 44,195 Asian Indians in the Charlotte Metropolitan area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 25.83% of the population consider themselves Telugu. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Telugu | Chicago | 23,327 | Schaumburg | Hoffman Estates, Skokie, Des Plaines | Hinduism | India | Telugu | 47 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 234,148 Asian Indians in Chicagoland. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 9.96% of the population consider themselves Telugu. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Telugu | Columbus, OH | 9,429 | Dublin | Delaware, OH | Hinduism | India | Telugu | 48 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 39,025 Asian Indians in the Columbus Metropolitan Area . Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 24.16% of the population consider themselves Telugu. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Telugu | Dallas Fort Worth | 47,850 | Irving | Coppell, Plano | Hinduism | India | Telugu | 42 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 213,139 Asian Indians in the Dalla Fort Worth Metroplex. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 22.45% of the population consider themselves Telugu. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Telugu | Detroit | 13,208 | Novi | Troy. Lavonia | Hinduism | India | Telugu | 35 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 100,007 Asian Indians in Metro Detroit. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 13.20% of the population consider themselves Telugu. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Telugu | Houston | 16,933 | Sugarland | Pearland, Katy, The Woodlands | Hinduism | India | Telugu | 36 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 146,967 Asian Indians in Greater Houston. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 11.52% of the population consider themselves Telugu. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Telugu | Los Angeles | 13,952 | Irvine | Torrance, Lake Forest, Silverado | Hinduism | India | Telugu | 36 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 200,365 Asian Indians in Greater Los Angeles. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 8.84% of the population consider themselves Telugu. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Telugu | Montreal | 14,035 | Pierrefonds - Dollard | Côte-des-Neiges | Hinduism | India | Telugu | 53 | Statistics Canada 2021 estimated 14,035 Telugu speakers consider the language their mother tongue in the Greater Montreal Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Telugu | New York | 59,876 | South Brunswick, NJ | Edison, NJ | Hinduism | India | Telugu | 38 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 749,366 Asian Indians in Metro New York. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 7.99% of the population consider themselves Telugu. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Telugu | Philadelphia | 16,397 | Exton | West Chester | Hinduism | India | Telugu | 35 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 145,141 Asian Indians in Philadelphia. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 11.30% of the population consider themselves Telugu. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Telugu | Phoenix | 8,599 | Chandler | Scottsdale | Hinduism | India | Telugu | 34 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 58,941 Asian Indians in Greater Phoenix. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 14.82% of the population consider themselves Telugu. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Telugu | Raleigh | 13,771 | Morrisville | Cary, Apex | Hinduism | India | Telugu | 35 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 52,652 Asian Indians in Raleigh-Durham. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 26.16% of the population consider themselves Telugu. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Telugu | San Francisco | 73,916 | Sunnyvale | Cupertino, San Ramon | Hinduism | India | Telugu | 46 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 471,394 Asian Indians in the San Francisco Bay Area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 15.68% of the population consider themselves Telugu. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Telugu | St. Louis | 7,187 | Maryland Heights | Chesterfield, Ballwin | Hinduism | India | Telugu | 41 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 25,787 Asian Indians in Greater St. Louis. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 27.87% of the population consider themselves Telugu. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Telugu | Seattle | 14,749 | Bellevue | Redmond, Bothell, Sammamish | Hinduism | India | Telugu | 50 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 124,181 Asian Indians in the Seattle Metropolitan Area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 11.88% of the population consider themselves Telugu. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Telugu | Tampa | 7,489 | Temple Terrace | Oldsmar, New Tampa | Hinduism | India | Telugu | 56 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 37,581 Asian Indians in the Tampa Bay area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 19.93% of the population consider themselves Telugu. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Telugu | Toronto | 15,155 | Etobicoke | Hinduism | India | Telugu | 33 | Statistics Canada 2021 estimated there are 15,155 Telugu speakers who consider the language their mother tongue in the Greater Toronto Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. | |
| Telugu | Twin Cities | 5,669 | Eden Prairie | Maple Grove, Eagan | Hinduism | India | Telugu | 43 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 43,071 Asian Indians in the Twin Cities. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 13.16% of the population consider themselves Telugu. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Telugu | Washington D.C. | 40,764 | Ashburn | Leesburg, Reston, Ellicott City | Hinduism | India | Telugu | 49 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone table estimated 228,149 Asian Indians in the Washington Metropolitan Area. Based on language spoken at home information from the same survey, approximately 17.87% of the population consider themselves Telugu. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely higher. |
| Thai | Chicago | 8,240 | Albany Park | Buddhism | Thailand | Thai | 29 | ||
| Thai | Dallas Fort Worth | 5,389 | City Place | Buddhism | Thailand | Thai | 19 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 5,389 Thai live in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Thai | Las Vegas | 5,480 | Paradise | Buddhism | Thailand | Thai | 25 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 5,480 Thai live in the Las Vegas Valley.. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Thai | Los Angeles | 32,211 | East Hollywood (Thai Town) | Buddhism | Thailand | Thai | 20 | The American Community Survey Asian Alone 2019 5-year census data estimates 34,615 people with Thai ancestry in the Greater Los Angeles area. Local community estimates are over 50,000. Undercounting is common with census numbers. | |
| Thai | New York | 12,916 | Elmhurst (Queens) | Buddhism | Thailand | Thai | 22 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 12,916 Thai live in the San Francisco Bay Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Thai | San Francisco | 10,497 | Civic Center | Buddhism | Thailand | Thai | 29 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 10,497 Thai live in the San Francisco Bay Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Thai | Seattle | 6,356 | University District | Buddhism | Thailand | Thai | 24 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 6,356 Thai live in the Seattle Metropolitan Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Thai | Washington D.C. | 10,324 | Shaw | Buddhism | Thailand | Thai | 27 | The American Community Survey 2021 5-yr Asian Alone tables estimated 10,324 Thai live in the Washington Metropolitan Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. The population is likely higher. | |
| Tibetan | Twin Cities | 5,000 | Northeast | Tibetian Buddhism | China | Tibetan | 70 | A 2020 report by Central Tibetan Administration estimates that there are 5,000 Tibetans in the Twin Cities Metropolation area. The US Census does not provide data for Tibetans. Therefore, for consistency across North America, the report from the Central Tibetan Administration is used as the population estimate. | |
| Tibetan | New York | 13,000 | Jackson Heights (Queens) | Astoria, Crown Heights, south and east of Midtown, Newark (NJ) | Tibetian Buddhism | China | Tibetan | 77 | A 2020 report by Central Tibetan Administration estimates that there are 13,000 Tibetans in the Metro New York area. The US Census does not provide data for Tibetans. Therefore, for consistency across North America, the report from the Central Tibetan Administration is used as the population estimate. |
| Tibetan | Toronto | 8,000 | South Parkdale | N/A | Tibetian Buddhism | Tibet | Tibetan | 74 | A 2020 report by Central Tibetan Administration estimates that there are 13,000 Tibetans in the Greater Toronto area. Statistics Canada does not provide data for Tibetans. Therefore, for consistency across North America, the report from the Central Tibetan Administration is used as the population estimate. |
| Tunisian Arab | Montreal | 18,970 | Little Maghreb | N/A | Islam | Tunisia | Tunisian Arabic | 74 | Statistics Canada 2021 counted 18,970 Tunisian Arabs in the Greater Montreal Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Turk | Atlanta | 5,122 | Sandy Springs | Islam | Turkey | Turkish | 56 | ||
| Turk | Boston | 6,462 | North Brookline | Allston, Methuen, Needham Heights | Islam | Turkey | Turkish | 57 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 6,462 people with Turkish ancestry in the Boston metro area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Turk | Chicago | 7,361 | Mount Prospect | Napierville, Highland Park | Islam | Turkey | Turkish | 56 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 7,361 people with Turkish ancestry in Chicagoland. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Turk | Houston | 5,324 | Memorial Park | Islam | Turkey | Turkish | 56 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 5,432 people with Turkish ancestry in the Houston Metro area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Turk | Los Angeles | 11,500 | Culver City | Islam | Turkey | Turkish | 58 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 11,500 people with Turkish ancestry in the Los Angeles metro area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Turk | Miami | 8,102 | Miami Beach | Islam | Turkey | Turkish | 56 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 8,102 people with Turkish ancestry in the Miami Metro area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Turk | Montreal | 13,895 | Nouveau-Rosemont | Villeray, Laval | Islam | Turkey | Turkish | 62 | Statistics Canada 2021 counted 13,895 Turks in the Greater Montreal Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Turk | New York | 41,367 | South Paterson (NJ) | Queens, Brooklyn | Islam | Turkey | Turkish | 57 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 41,637 people with Turkish ancestry in the New York metro area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Turk | Philadelphia | 7,179 | Riverside (NJ) | Islam | Turkey | Turkish | 57 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 7,179 people with Turkish ancestry in the Philadelphia metro area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Turk | San Francisco | 12,810 | Sunnyvale | Islam | Turkey | Turkish | 59 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 12,810 people with Turkish ancestry in the San Francisco Bay area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Turk | Toronto | 28,490 | Mississauga | Islam | Turkey | Turkish | 68 | Statistics Canada 2021 counted 28,490 Turks in the Greater Toronto Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Turk | Vancouver | 6,305 | Richmond | Islam | Turkey | Turkish | 56 | Statistics Canada 2021 counted 6,305 Turks in the Greater Vancouver Area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Turk | Washington D.C. | 12,918 | Fairfax | Islam | Turkey | Turkish | 59 | The American Community Survey 2019 estimated 12,918 people with Turkish ancestry in the Washington DC metro area. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Uyghur | Washington D.C. | 5,000 | Fairfax County | Islam | China | Uyghur | 65 | ||
| Uzbek | New York | 32,999 | Brighton Beach (Brooklyn) | Islam | Uzbekistan | Southern Uzbek | 37 | The American Community Survey 2019 counted 32,999 people born in Uzbekistan living in Metro New York. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. | |
| Vizhnitz Jewish | New York | 18,382 | Judaism | Romania | Yiddish | 90 | |||
| Wolof | New York | 20,000 | Harlem | Bronx, Brooklyn | Islam | Senegal | Wolof | 81 | The Senegalese Association of America has an extensive database of the Senegalese population in Metro New York, and they estimate around 20,000 of these are Wolof. |
| Yemeni Arab | Detroit | 25,000 | Hamtramck | Dearborn | Islam | Yemen | Sanaani Arabic | 72 | The American Community Survey 2019 counted 16,395 people born in Yemen living in Metro Detroit. Yemenis typically have large families, so when counting American-born Yemeni children, the number of Yemenis would number around 25,000. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Yemeni Arab | New York | 20,000 | Bay Ridge (Brooklyn) | Bronx | Islam | Yemen | Sanaani Arabic | 72 | The American Community Survey 2017 counted 14,563 people born in Yemen living in Metro New York. Yemenis typically have large families, so when counting American-born Yemeni children, the number of Yemenis would at least number 20,000. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. Some articles estimate 50,000 Yemenis live in New York City alone. |
| Yemeni Arab | San Francisco | 10,000 | Oakland | Tenderloin in San Francisco | Islam | Yemen | Sanaani Arabic | 62 | The American Community Survey 2019 counted 7,507 people born in Yemen living in the San Francisco Bay Area. Yemenis typically have large families, so when counting American-born Yemeni children, the number of Yemenis would number around 10,000. Using census information instead of community estimates helps compare populations of people groups in various cities. However, the population is likely larger than this number. |
| Yeshivish Jewish | Chicago | 5,894 | West Rogers Park | Judaism | Lithuania | English | 68 | ||
| Yeshivish Jewish | Los Angeles | 13,600 | Hancock Park | Judaism | Lithuania | English | 74 | ||
| Yeshivish Jewish | Miami | 10,726 | North Miami Beach | Judaism | Lithuania | English | 72 | ||
| Yeshivish Jewish | New York | 120,000 | Judaism | Lithuania | English | 91 | Around 6% of Jewish people in the Tri-State area are estimated to be be Yeshivish according to a 2011 UJA Federation of New York Study. Because there are an estimated two million Jewish people in Metro New York, that accounts for 120,000 Yeshivish in Metro New York. | ||
| Yeshivish Jewish | Toronto | 16,000 | York | Judaism | Lithuania | English | 75 | ||
| Yeshivish Jewish | Washington D.C. | 9,921 | Glen (Baltimore) | Judaism | Lithuania | English | 70 | ||
| Figures for matrix score formula (don't delete) |
Darul Huda Masjid
In 2005, Darul Huda Masjid was incorporated as a nonprofit religious corporation dedicated to provide religious, educational, and social services to Muslims.
Stella Mart
Stella Mart is owned by a Bosnian and has a Bosnian cafe inside the supermarket.
Buford Highway Farmers Market
Buford Highway Farmers Market’s extensive range of international products and its role as a community gathering place make it particularly appealing to Bosniaks and other immigrant communities.
Bosniaks in North America Overview Page
Visit this page to learn general information about Bosniak communities in North America and their religious beliefs. Also, discover resources to help share Jesus with them in their language.